Stipagrostis

HABIT Annual (6), or perennial (51). Rhizomes absent (41), or short (5), or elongated (12). Stolons absent, or present (1). Culms erect (17/28), or geniculately ascending (14/28), or decumbent (6/28); reed-like (1/2), or slender (1/2); 2–45.92–200 cm long; firm (50), or wiry (2), or woody (4); without nodal roots (1/1), or rooting from lower nodes (1/1). Culm-internodes similar in length (1/2), or unequal, the upper longer (1/2); terete (1/1). Lateral branches lacking (12/29), or sparse (3/29), or ample (2/29), or fastigiate (4/29), or suffrutescent (13/29). Ligule a fringe of hairs. Leaf-blades persistent (52), or deciduous at the ligule (4); aciculate (11), or filiform (31), or linear (14), or lanceolate (1); herbaceous (52), or coriaceous (4); stiff (19), or firm (37). Leaf-blade midrib indistinct (1/1). Leaf-blade apex muticous (40), or pungent (17).

INFLORESCENCE Inflorescence a panicle; subtended by an unspecialized leaf-sheath (55), or an inflated leaf-sheath (1); exserted (46), or embraced at base by subtending leaf (15).

Panicle open (34/55), or contracted (24/55), or spiciform (3/55).

Spikelets solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled. Pedicels filiform (1/1); tip widened (1/1).

FERTILE SPIKELETS Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets linear (2), or lanceolate (54); subterete; 6.225–14.28–50 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret. Floret callus evident (5), or elongated (51); pubescent (35/55), or pilose (7/55), or bearded (14/55); obtuse (2), or acute (17), or pungent (36), or 2-toothed (1).

GLUMES Glumes persistent; exceeding apex of florets (54/54); thinner than fertile lemma (53), or similar to fertile lemma in texture (3). Lower glume linear (4/55), or lanceolate (54/55), or oblong (1/55); 0.5–1.014–8 length of upper glume; membranous (46), or chartaceous (9), or cartilaginous (1); without keels (52/54), or 1-keeled (3/54); 1 -veined (2), or 3 -veined (49), or 4 -veined (4), or 5 -veined (7), or 6 -veined (2), or 7 -veined (4), or 8–9 -veined (3). Lower glume lateral veins absent (2), or distinct (54); without ribs (52/54), or ribbed (2/54). Lower glume surface smooth (43), or asperulous (10), or scabrous (3); without pits; glabrous (46), or puberulous (4), or pubescent (1), or pilose (12). Lower glume apex emarginate (3/55), or truncate (2/55), or obtuse (7/55), or acute (10/55), or acuminate (33/55), or attenuate (4/55), or setaceously attenuate (1/55); muticous (51/55), or mucronate (3/55), or awned (2/55). Upper glume linear (5/55), or lanceolate (53/55), or oblong (1/55); 1.1–2.699–5 length of adjacent fertile lemma; membranous (46), or chartaceous (9), or cartilaginous (1); without keels (52/54), or 1-keeled (2/54); 1 -veined (5), or 2 -veined (3), or 3 -veined (50), or 4 -veined (3), or 5 -veined (6), or 7–9 -veined (1). Upper glume lateral veins without ribs (53/54), or ribbed (1/54). Upper glume surface smooth (45), or asperulous (9), or scabrous (2); glabrous (47), or puberulous (4), or pubescent (1), or pilose (8); without hair tufts (55), or with basal tufts of hair (1). Upper glume apex entire (54), or dentate (2); 2 -fid (1/1); emarginate (1/54), or truncate (2/54), or obtuse (4/54), or acute (15/54), or acuminate (31/54), or attenuate (5/54), or setaceously attenuate (1/54); muticous (50/55), or mucronate (6/55), or awned (2/55); 1 -awned (2/2).

FLORETS Fertile lemma lanceolate (5), or elliptic (1), or oblong (51); subterete (19/19); chartaceous (3), or coriaceous (53); without keel (54/54); wingless; 3 -veined (54/54). Lemma surface smooth (45), or granulose (1), or scaberulous (4), or scabrous (2), or papillose (2), or tuberculate (2), or punctate (2); unwrinkled; without grooves. Lemma margins flat (1), or convolute (55); exposing palea (2), or covering most of palea (54). Lemma apex emarginate (1/53), or acute (52/53); without ornament (55), or tuberculate (1); awned; 1 -awned (1), or 3 -awned (55). Principal lemma awn straight (2), or geniculate (1), or 3-branched (53); limb glabrous (1), or ciliate (1), or plumose (54). Column of lemma awn glabrous (49/54), or pubescent (1/54), or ciliate (4/54), or plumose (1/54); without distinct apical hairs (51/54), or with bearded apex (3/54). Lateral lemma awns longer than principal (1/54), or subequal to principal (10/54), or shorter than principal (43/54). Palea present (55), or absent or minute (1); not rolled (54/55), or involute (1/55); 0.1–0.3446–0.5 length of lemma; membranous (53/55), or chartaceous (2/55); 0 -veined (1/4), or 2 -veined (3/4); without keels (53/55), or 2-keeled (2/55).

FLOWER Lodicules 2 (4/4); membranous (3/3). Anthers 3 (5/5). Ovary glabrous (1/1).

FRUIT Caryopsis with adherent pericarp (22/22); linear (1/20), or fusiform (9/20), or ellipsoid (5/20), or oblong (2/20), or obovoid (1/20), or oblanceolate (2/20); isodiametric (1/2), or dorsally compressed (1/2). Embryo 0.3–0.4419–0.66 length of caryopsis. Hilum linear (15/15); 0.33–0.922–1 length of caryopsis.

DISTRIBUTION Europe (2), or Africa (48), or Temperate Asia (23), or Tropical Asia (6).

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