# occurrence

institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041637
locality: Palestine
identifiedBy: Radcliffe smith
ScientificName: Quercus coccifera var. palaestina
scientificNameAuthorship: (Kotschy) Boiss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: coccifera
infraspecificEpithet: palaestina
taxonRank: Variety
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  This is placed by some authorities under Q calliprinos Webb. var arcuata DC. Received from Herb. with specimens of branches and leaves.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041640
modified: 2003-12-15 09:23:34.207000
country: United States
countryCode: US
locality: America
ScientificName: Quercus emoryi
scientificNameAuthorship: Torr.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: emoryi
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Sold in the markets of Arizona and largely eaten by Mexicans and Indians, it is the 'Bioti' of the Mexicans


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041662
modified: 2006-08-24 15:31:26.277000
country: Spain
countryCode: ES
locality: Spain, Cadiz
ScientificName: Quercus ilex var. ballota
scientificNameAuthorship: (Desf.) A.DC.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: ilex
infraspecificEpithet: ballota
taxonRank: Variety
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Dr Prior 150.1887 and 9.1888 Acorns of Q.ballota L. lately received from Spain much sounder than I have sent some weeks ago. From Dr Prior, 48 York Terrace Halse House, Taunton 7th Dec. - Dear Mr Jackson, enclosed are some acorns, the fruit of Q.ballota l. which I have received this morning from Cadiz. They are brought to market in Spain and Morocco to be eaten, as filberts, or as chestnuts, roasted. These have been kept too long and are dry and hard, but perhaps may serve to look at.  Yours truly RCA Prior.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041663
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China
ScientificName: Quercus infectoria
scientificNameAuthorship: G.Olivier
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: infectoria
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Unknown galls : purchased Jaranese drug stall : not known at Buitenzorg Bot. Grd. Probably imported from China for chinese use - not local. Expensive 10 cents each.  Buitenzorg 26.1.28 FN Howes


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041667
locality: Palestine, Parilion
ScientificName: Quercus infectoria
scientificNameAuthorship: G.Olivier
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: infectoria
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The ashes are used rather than soda in soap making A regular article of commerce in this country : used in tanning


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041668
modified: 2007-09-06 16:31:03.617000
locality: SE Europe and Asia Minor
ScientificName: Quercus infectoria
scientificNameAuthorship: G.Olivier
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: infectoria
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Found in SE Europe and Asia Minor, A Harvey, 17 Market Street SE1 See Cupaliferae cover for copy of analysis JHH May 1934 Mecca galls occur also on Quercus lusitanica Lam.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041676
locality: Oakmudgee / Ocmudgee River
ScientificName: Quercus nigra
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: nigra
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  From a very large tree of which specimen were collected and dried fully 35 or 50 ft in height and 3 ft or upwards in diam on the banks of the River at Macon ja??


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041687
country: Kenya
countryCode: KE
locality: Kenya, Nakuru
ScientificName: Quercus petraea
scientificNameAuthorship: (Matt.) Liebl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: petraea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Label in with specimen - Acorns and cups of Q.affinis Mast. & Gal. : Muador (Mexico) : J luisbryht (?) No 131 : (Rec. 4/74)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041694
ScientificName: Quercus robur
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: robur
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Galls caused by Cynips quercus-calicis Dumiter Lodge, W Toleworth, Jan 27th. - Thanks for a sight of the specimens. I do not feel any doubt they are of Cynips calicis - The only other gall given in Mayr at all resembling them is C.tlungarica and that is very much larger and not an acorn gall. I will bring them back shortly E.A.O.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041702
modified: 2006-08-24 09:58:48.127000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, RBG Kew, Pagoda Vista
ScientificName: Quercus rubra
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: rubra
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Hort Kew 28.10.1935 South side of Pagoda vista. Tree of pair nearest Pagoda. Acorns pale and short.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041719
modified: 2006-09-22 15:26:12.450000
locality: Khasia
ScientificName: Quercus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
occurrenceRemarks:
Opuscular source:  July 10, 1888.  From G King to Sir Joseph Hooker.  My Dear Sir Joseph, These are not acorns of Q griffithii of course. They are a little like those of Q serrata.  I have never seen anything quite like them.   Observe the long peduncle. Yours ...


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041722
modified: 2006-07-03 16:29:25.400000
recordedBy: Churchill WA
country: Iran
countryCode: IR
locality: Persia, Pass of Derbendi Khan
eventDate: 1853-01-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 00/00/1853
ScientificName: Quercus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  For description of this set of 15 specimens of acorns see 'Report on Acorns collected between Sheervan and Bana, on the Turco-Persian frontier'  Bound in 'M3? to 1864' in Museum library


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041737
modified: 2007-08-31 12:53:55.783000
country: Canada
countryCode: CA
locality: North America
ScientificName: Quercus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Galls on young shoot of oak.  Common in the Forest de la Mont, Tortue. Picure d'insectes tres abondent dans les jeunes chenes au bord de la foret de la montagne Tortue.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041747
modified: 2006-08-23 17:30:42.800000
country: Iraq
countryCode: IQ
locality: Iraq
ScientificName: Quercus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Collected in Iraq, Kurdish side, from various oaks, and used in Baghdad to make confectionery Quercus manna - colour grey green, with fragments of green leaves and a few brown paticles. From Iraq, crude manna from which a confection is made by purification and emulsification with egg albumen. The resulting solid mass is often mixed with roasted almonds or walnuts and made into round flat cakes. Eaten on feast days. Sold in Baghdad 5.1947


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041750
modified: 2006-10-24 11:37:05.823000
ScientificName: Fagaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Dumort.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Extracted from nut galls by ether. It is, however, the active principle of a very large proportion of other vegetable astringents. The union of this chemical substance with the gelatine of hides converts them into leather.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041756
country: SU
countryCode: SU
locality: Russia, River Moksha
ScientificName: Quercus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The brown colour of the ash is due to the relatively large proportion of iron which it contains. Some silica is present in the ash. LAB 8.6.15


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041757
country: Chile
countryCode: CL
locality: Chile, Temuco
ScientificName: Plantae
kingdom: Plantae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Portions of the leaves have been cut out by a leaf eating bee. Arenicanium snipioa (?) Maquehua, Temuco 21st Jan 1906


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041758
modified: 2007-03-07 17:17:54.867000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain
ScientificName: Quercus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Samples of Oak & Elm exhibiting the process of their compression for pins and wedges used for fastening the rail to the 'shoe' and 'sleeper' No 1 - Lengths of oak cut by vertical saw for the pins  No II - Cut square from No I by circular saw.  No III - Roughly turned out of No II.  No IV - Finished off from No III ready to be compressed into the iron mould No V. No V - Iron mould with the pin No IV forced into it.  No VI - Pin after being compressed in mould No V.  No VII - Last process by turning the ends of No V II.  No VIII- Squared blocks of elm for wedges.  No IX - No VIII bevelled at the edges to be inserted into an iron mould.  No X - The compressed wedge from No IX.  No XI - Finished off by trimming the edges at the ends.  No XII -Section of wooden beam (sleeper) transverse to rail-road.  No XIII - Iron shoe which receives the rail.  No XIV - Piece of the rail fixed in the shoe. No XV - Compressed pegs fixing the shoe to sleeper.  No XVI - Compressed wedge fixing rail to shoe.  NoXVII - Peg which has attached shoe to sleeper showing effect of expansion by moisture.  No XVIII - Wedge which had fastened rail to shoe showing the effect of expansion by moisture.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041768
modified: 2006-08-21 15:30:57.217000
ScientificName: Fagaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Dumort.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Pure gallic acid obtained by exposing an infusion of nut galls to the air for a long time, and then purifying the sediment. Used medicinally as an astringent, differing from tannic acid in not causing precipitates in either gelatinous or albuminous solutions. A piece of skin does not absorb gallic acid as it does tannic acid, from the aqueous solution.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041771
modified: 2006-09-18 16:35:32.677000
ScientificName: Fagaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Dumort.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  This is a technical name for crude acetic acid contaminated with other products of destructive distillation


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041772
ScientificName: Fagaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Dumort.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Used with beech flour for making plastic material, see Cigarette Box. HT Holland 25.1.32 Borough Polytechnic


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041788
ScientificName: Quercus suber
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: suber
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Piece of cork showing the growth attained in 5 years after the removal of the first crop.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041804
modified: 2006-11-10 16:15:48.787000
country: United States
countryCode: US
locality: North America, Connecticut, New Haven, Yale College
ScientificName: Quercus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Galls on oak resembling English Artichoke Gall, caused by Cynips sp.  Dr Hooker sent the leafy gall on an oak, which he had received from Mr Newton of Yale College.  Mr A Muller thought it the work of a cynips, and analogous to our own artichoke gall. He remarked that it was a curious thing that there were parallel forms of gall upon oaks in this country and in N America, though produced by different species of Cynips.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041810
modified: 2006-12-11 11:29:58.547000
ScientificName: Plantae
kingdom: Plantae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Name not traced in Herbarium, Kew June 1979.  Q.bittisiana or Q.bettesiana does not exist as a name. Phonetically similar names are Q.hartwissiana and Q.sintenisiana but we cannot be sure which if either of these might be appropiate. Q.infectoria Oliv. = Q.edulis Kotschy Q.calliprinos Webb. = Q.coccifera L. var calliprinos (Webb.) Boiss.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041813
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, RBG Kew
ScientificName: Quercus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Marble gall insect Andricus kollari Htg. with galls of common oak from which they were hatched.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041814
modified: 2007-01-18 15:48:58.013000
country: United States
countryCode: US
locality: USA
ScientificName: Quercus nigra
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: nigra
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Economics forced the early mountain settlers to use materials gathered in the fields to dye the wool before weaving the cloth for their needs. These yarns have been dyed with barks, roots, nuts and flowers as our forefathers did before synthetic dyes were invented. From the Mustard Seed studio workshop of Bette Raymond.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041817
ScientificName: Plantae
kingdom: Plantae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Name not traced - Herb. Kew June 1979 Q.affinis = Quercus nitens Mart. & Gal. Q.pyrenaica = Q.toza DC.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041826
modified: 2008-06-16 10:17:55.917000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Chepstow, Sedbury Park
ScientificName: Fagaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Dumort.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Galls caused by Andricus quercusradicis Fabr. - single celled Aphilothrise radicis -stems of single cells. Near Isleworth, nat size - magnified - inner A - B outer view and C cell in young state as when still buried in the bark.  Includes painting of galls


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041828
modified: 2006-11-29 15:42:33.087000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Near Isleworth
ScientificName: Fagaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Dumort.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Galls caused by an insect Andricus solitarius Fonc. with sketch of galls natural size and enlarged


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041829
modified: 2010-03-23 12:39:57.160000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Kew Gardens
ScientificName: Quercus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Galls on twigs of oak caused by Andricus quercusramuli Hartig.  with drawings of the same, natural size and magnified.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041831
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Near Isleworth, Spring Grove
ScientificName: Quercus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Gall of Aphilothrise callidoma, natural size and section, drawn from life by Miss G Ormerod


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041832
modified: 2006-07-03 16:17:34.367000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Wimbledon Common
ScientificName: Quercus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Label reads - Aphilothrise gammae L ? Nr Isleworth.  In different states to show the central cells in position?


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041834
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Near Isleworth
ScientificName: Quercus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Galls and sketch, natural size and enlarged.  Plentiful near Isleworth. Sexual form. Drawn and presented by Miss E Ormerod


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041835
modified: 2006-07-03 15:53:23.477000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain
ScientificName: Quercus × turneri
scientificNameAuthorship: Willd.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: × turneri
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Drawing by Miss Ormerod Opuscular source:  From Miss Eleanor Ormerod, Dunster Lodge, Spring Grove, Isleworth, Oct 15, 1880.  Dear Mr Jackson, I trust you have not thought I was negligent in not answering sooner but I could not make out thegall satisfactorily.  It seems to be a var of Cynips collari, but as Mr Fitch was coming here I put off replying to hear his opinion.  He also thinks it resembles collari.  I will not fail to let you know whatever I hear about it.  I hope presently to beable to tell the name of the Tansy gall fly for Mr Fitch has reared a number and sent some to Dr Meyer for identification. You will always understand that if I do not reply at once it is because I am endeavouring to gain information.  I should greatly regret to seem inattentive.  Yours very truly


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041836
modified: 2010-03-05 10:44:51.113000
locality: Cortona and Castagnolia
ScientificName: Quercus pubescens
scientificNameAuthorship: Willd.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: pubescens
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Galls on oak - No 1. Cortona, Sir JD Hooker, No 2. Castagnolia, Florence, Thiselton Dyer Opuscular source:  Letter from Ormerod to Jackson June 29, 1881.  Dear Mr Jackson, I do not think there can be any doubt your gall is that of Cynipsargentea hartig, sometimes known as Crowned Gall.  This is distinguishable by the blunt loped tip and the border crown has short blunt points and is generally less than the greatest circumference of the gall.  Also it is covered by a white tinge caused  by exudate.  I do not think the other galls you showed me were of the same species, but there is nothing resembling them in Magris Mittel??  I hope they will come back all safe.  Yours very truly Eleanor A Ormerod.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000004184
country: Uganda
countryCode: UG
locality: Uganda
ScientificName: Entandrophragma utile
scientificNameAuthorship: (Dawe & Sprague) Sprague
kingdom: Plantae
family: Meliaceae
genus: Entandrophragma
specificEpithet: utile
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  L.a.b. 31.1.22.  Pseudreadrela? should be altered to Entandrophragma. Bull. 1910 P.180


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041850
modified: 2007-01-08 16:05:23.510000
ScientificName: Fagaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Dumort.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Gall from oak, caused by Dryoteras terminalis, and sketch of gall shewing (sic) insect workings and punctures.  This item DESTROYED in 2001 (irreparable damage).


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041855
modified: 2019-01-24 16:48:39.373000
recordedBy: Purdie W
eventRemarks: Collected between 1844 - 1846 Collector reformatted 2019
country: Colombia
countryCode: CO
locality: Norte de Santander, Pamplona Locality revised 2019
ScientificName: Quercus humboldtii
scientificNameAuthorship: Bonpl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: humboldtii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source: Candles made from the acorns of a species of Quercus (Roble its local name) that I have before sent specimens of. They are called velas de Roble and are peculiar to the district of Pamplona. This may probably be of value in our own country where we have as much oak. Determination to species level (2019)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041857
modified: 2019-07-23 10:39:33.883000
ScientificName: Quercus robur
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: robur
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Recipe for ink from 'Plant Galls' by A Darlington 25 gms crushed galls, 250 mls boiling water, leave the galls in the 24 hours, then strain. Mix this liquid with 8.6 gms ferrous sulphate, 4.7 gms gum arabic both previously dissolved. Add alittle antiseptic such as carbolic acid or formalin. Exhibited in Plants + People exhibition in Museum no.1, May 1998 to May 2016.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041859
modified: 2006-11-30 16:19:13.740000
recordedBy: Dyer Prof
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Hereford
ScientificName: Quercus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Also drawings of same, natural size and enlarged Dryophanta scutellaria x Magn. (Cynips folii Hartig. Schlectendal) Nat. size and slightly enlarged section


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041860
ScientificName: Fagaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Dumort.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Models of galls caused by the puntures of Biorhiza pallida Olivier. Modelled and presented by Miss E Ormerod


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041862
ScientificName: Quercus robur
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: robur
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Painting of galls caused by the insect Cynips quercus-calicis Section and cell, nat.size. Locality not given


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041863
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Chepstow, Sedbury Park
ScientificName: Quercus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Natural size and magnified section. 1876. With drawing by Miss Ormerod. Model. Galls caused by insect Trigonaspis megaptera Panz. Eleanor A Ormerod


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041866
modified: 2019-07-18 11:38:59.513000
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan
ScientificName: Quercus grosseserrata
scientificNameAuthorship: Blume
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: grosseserrata
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Paulownia tomentosa with uprights of Q. grosseserrata. Getta or sabot of wood of oak sp, which is also used in canoes and for charcoal. Exhibited in Plants + People exhibition in Museum no.1, May 1998 to May 2016


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041879
ScientificName: Quercus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The following analysis was furnished by Mr W N Evans in a letter to Director accompanying the specimen.  Entire bark 17.03 per cent tannin. Inner bark 23. 39 per cent tannin.  Moss bark 15.80 per cent tannin.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041882
modified: 2006-11-09 14:11:31.153000
country: France
countryCode: FR
locality: France
ScientificName: Quercus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Une fregate armee de 74 canons. Prise : 100 francs. Agent Mr Hartnack Place Dauphine 19


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000004189
recordedBy: Sharpington HM
ScientificName: Entandrophragma
scientificNameAuthorship: C.DC.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Meliaceae
genus: Entandrophragma
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  4.5mm Sapele mahogany 1 side.  Venesta Ltd, Vintry House, Queen St. Place, EC4. Tel. Central 6580


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041901
modified: 2006-05-19 15:32:29.660000
country: United States
countryCode: US
locality: USA, Northern America
ScientificName: Consolida regalis
scientificNameAuthorship: Gray
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Consolida
specificEpithet: regalis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  US Dept of Agriculture, Insecticide and Fungicide Board, Washington DC See J.A.P.A. XIII, 696  Edit note 1993 - reference for name A synopsis of the Asian species of Consolidaby PA Munz 1967


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041902
modified: 1993-10-27 00:00:00
country: Singapore
countryCode: SG
locality: Singapore, Malaya, Malesia, Asia Tropical
ScientificName: Clematis
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Clematis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Five specimens - 878, Mutung, Singapore.  878, Muhtung, Fr Pater Smith 'Clematis'  878, Mutung, Clematis sp, Stubeten Dump (?) from Kew - Aralia pepy...? Akebia quinata. 506, Tbiuei tung (?) Akebia quinata ? or Clematis, Dr Hokai (Huai tung) (NB Part unreadable) 878 Muh tung (Akebia quinata) or Clematis Peter Smith


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041905
modified: 1993-10-27 00:00:00
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China, Asia Temperate
ScientificName: Coptis teeta
scientificNameAuthorship: Wall.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Coptis
specificEpithet: teeta
occurrenceRemarks:
Note source:  Imported into Bombay from China This specimen answers with all the descriptions of Thalictrum foliolosum (Pharm. Soc. card)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041911
modified: 2003-07-30 13:05:14.537000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: India, Indian Subcontinent, Asia Tropical
ScientificName: Aconitum
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Aconitum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Tuberous roots of a light brown colour, resembling those of Aconitum napellus in size and shape, they break with a short fracture, and the interior is either white and farinaceous, or horny and yellowish. Both the farinaceous and horny roots have a pure bitter taste, as persistent as that of quinine, without any acridity. The roots when soaked in water have a pungent smell like nasturtium. They do not resemble any of the varieties of Aconite described by Mr. Moodeen Sheriff (Supplement to Pharmaeopoeia of India pp 25, 32, 265). They may or may not be included in the numerous varieties of Aconite noticed in the Makhzan ul Adwiya and other Persian and Arabic works on Materia Medica, under the heads Bish and Judwar. The descriptions are not sufficiently minute to determine this point. Microscopic structure; The parenchyrne is composed of large, oblong thin walled cells loaded with starch, the vascular bundles, which consist of scalariform vessels, are about twelve in no.  In the young tubers they are crowded tog ether towards the centre, in the old ones they occupy the circumference.  This drug is new to me, and is lettle known in Bombay.  A considerable parcel was brought here a short time since by a Brahmin from Mangrole, who would not say where it came from.  he has written a pamphlet to explain its properties, the most remarkable of which are that it is said to stop vimiting or purging, and allay pain in the abdomen.  The dose, according to our Brahmin, is two grains.  Dr Sakharam Arjun, a graduate of Bombay university, practising here, tells me that he is acquainted with the drug, and that he considers it to be a powerful bitter and antiperiodic.  He believes it to be to root of Aconitum palmatum  (O Stapf.)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041921
modified: 2011-03-30 17:47:09.950000
recordedBy: Hanbury Collection
country: Indonesia
countryCode: ID
locality: (Batavia)
ScientificName: Coptis teeta
scientificNameAuthorship: Wall.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Coptis
specificEpithet: teeta
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  (Two pots of roots)  Lying at Warehouse F, St Katharine Docks.  2 cases Olen or Mishamee.  Ex Charlotte Ann, Young, a Batavia.  61  2 cases. Gray and Clarke sale, 25 Nov, 1858.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041922
recordNumber: 4
modified: 1993-11-15 00:00:00
recordedBy: Singapore Collection
country: Singapore
countryCode: SG
locality: Singapore, Malaya, Malesia, Asia Tropical
ScientificName: Paeonia × suffruticosa
scientificNameAuthorship: Andrews
kingdom: Plantae
family: Paeoniaceae
genus: Paeonia
specificEpithet: × suffruticosa
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  4 items:  Paeonia mutan - Tan ken, 1242;  Moutan pi, Dr F S Smith, No III, 85 7;  Moutan pi, F Smith, No II, 857; Tan pi  (Root) bark, Dr Hokai, No I, 1245. Edit note 1993 - reference for name Fl.Jap. Ohwi 1984


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041928
modified: 2006-05-18 12:05:50.883000
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China, Asia Temperate
ScientificName: Coptis teeta
scientificNameAuthorship: Wall.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Coptis
specificEpithet: teeta
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Two distinct varieties of this drug are met with in the Bombay market.  The kind most esteemed is yellowish rhizome as thick as a crow quill or larger, having a few spinous projections where rootlets have been broken off.  The whole rhizome is jointed, but at the upper end the joints become much more marked and a stem clasping petiole often remains attached to them.  The second kind is as thick as a goose quill and covered with thin wiry rootlets.  It often branches at the crown into two or three heads, which terminate in a tuft of leaf stalks that are crowded together and never separate as in the first kind. The rhizomes of both are contorted and break with a short fracture.  The centre is spongy and the surrounding portion bright yellow and woody.  Taste purely bitter.  The first kind corresponds with the description of Coptis root in to Bengal Dispensatory, the second with the description of that drug in the Pharmacographia and with all the descriptions of Thalictrum foliolosum.  The bark of the second kind is much the thickest, and is softer and more corky than that ot the first; in both bundles of orange coloured sclerenchymatous cells are present, and medullary rays contain starch.  The wood is arranged in distinct wedge shaped bundles, round a central parenchymatous portion, having a structure similar to that ot the inner cortex.  Both kinds of the drug come to Bombay, from China via Singapore in bulk.  The first is worth 3 1/4 rupees per pound.  The second 2 rupees.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041934
modified: 2012-06-06 16:54:49.707000
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan, Eastern Asia, Asia Temperate
ScientificName: Aconitum fischeri
scientificNameAuthorship: Rchb.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Aconitum
specificEpithet: fischeri
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Item probably also contains Aconitum anthora, Prof Goris Paris Sept 1925 (P.S.4 Vol 24 p.423) and assorted Aconitum sp. All mixed together after breakage of several specimen jars 1984.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041941
modified: 1993-10-25 00:00:00
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Northern Europe, Europe
ScientificName: Actaea spicata
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Actaea
specificEpithet: spicata
occurrenceRemarks:
No 4 of Mus Cat 1878 See P.J.(2) Vol III p.109 For fig. of rhizome see Gobel & Kunge pt II For microscope section see Fluckijee, Grundlag. Pharm. Waar. p.76


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041943
modified: 2012-05-10 16:03:01.450000
country: SU
countryCode: SU
locality: (South Russia)
ScientificName: Aconitum
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Aconitum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Yield 1.4% Ether soluble alk. B.P.1914. Method Yield 1.43%  '      '     '   Modified  Method Yield 41.0%  Extraction to 70% Alcohol Sold as Aconitum napellus


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041948
modified: 2012-05-10 16:02:15.883000
country: SU
countryCode: SU
locality: (USSR)
ScientificName: Aconitum napellus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Aconitum
specificEpithet: napellus
occurrenceRemarks:
Note source:  Edit note 1993 - reference for species name Flora of Japan by J.Ohwi, 1984, Smithsonian


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041949
modified: 2003-07-30 13:07:25.040000
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: Xizang, Sowgon, Gyantse (near), Tibet-Qinghai, China, Asia Temperate
ScientificName: Aconitum ludlowii
scientificNameAuthorship: Exell
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Aconitum
specificEpithet: ludlowii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The specimen also includes an envelope that contains seed of A.ludlowii from George Taylor 11th November 1946, placed with root (No 26) Feb 3rd 1949 S.A.G EB - Ex Herbario Musci Britannici No 307 Ludlow 1925 Opuscular source:  Letter dated11 November 1946 - British Museum (Natural History) Dept of Botany -  Dear Dr Wallis, Here is the packet of seed of A.ludlowii about which I spoke to you over the telephone this morning. If you can use it in any way you are welcome to it.  George Taylor


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041954
modified: 2003-07-30 13:08:45.537000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Sevenoaks, Northern Europe, Europe
ScientificName: Aconitum napellus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Aconitum
specificEpithet: napellus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Grown at Sevenoaks by EM Holmes Prepared and dried in the Museum preparation Room 1893 P.J. (3) Vol XIII p.234 & Vol XIX p.213


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041962
modified: 2007-01-17 15:20:19.877000
ScientificName: Aconitum fischeri
scientificNameAuthorship: Rchb.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Aconitum
specificEpithet: fischeri
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  No 22 Four items - 362 Tsau wutu 'Monkshood' F Porter Smith A.sinense 362 Ch'uen Wutu A.sinense F Porter Smith 635 =222 Chuen Wu, Kwang Wu A.sinense F Porter Smith Root A.sinense ? R.A.M.C. 408 China


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041969
modified: 2006-05-18 14:39:35.413000
ScientificName: Coptis teeta
scientificNameAuthorship: Wall.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Coptis
specificEpithet: teeta
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Four items;  1. Jun lien, FP Smith No 1571, Justicia.  2.  Peng lien, 516, with pale bark, FP Smith.  3.  1571, Jun (Hwang) lien, Dr Hokai.  4.  1571, Jun lien, FP Smith.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041970
modified: 2003-07-30 13:10:32.133000
country: Austria
countryCode: AT
locality: Austria, Vienna, Middle Europe, Europe
ScientificName: Aconitum variegatum
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Aconitum
specificEpithet: variegatum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  A.variegatum & A.chinense see Japanese & Chinese aconites by Langgaard P.J. 4 June 1881 : 1021-1041 translated from Archive. Pharm. XV 151


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041979
modified: 2003-07-30 13:11:30.517000
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China, Asia Temperate
ScientificName: Aconitum variegatum
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Aconitum
specificEpithet: variegatum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Two items;  1.  Sliced roots boiled - Dr Hokai Collection 343.  2. Boiled roots - Dr FP Smith collection


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041984
ScientificName: Magnolia
scientificNameAuthorship: Plum. ex L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Magnoliaceae
genus: Magnolia
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Two items, Hou p'oh, Magnolia hypoleuca, and Chai p'o, Magnolia rubra.  Edit note 1993 - No reference to M.rubra could be found on IK or Herb sheets


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041985
modified: 2006-05-22 10:47:17.750000
recordedBy: Hanbury Collection
locality: New Grenada
ScientificName: Drimys winteri
scientificNameAuthorship: J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Winteraceae
genus: Drimys
specificEpithet: winteri
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Four items;  1.  From M Guibourt x 1855.  brought from the Straits of Magellan in 1840, See Guibourt His Des Drog. T iii. p. 681. 2.  Collected by Dr Lechler at Straits of Magellaem? rec from Prof Dr Henkel of Tubingen, 25 vii, 1862. 3.  RBrown to WK Darker,  WKD to DH 4.  Capt King.  JJ Bennet 1861


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041990
modified: 2006-07-20 17:09:58.117000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: India, Indian Subcontinent, Asia Tropical
ScientificName: Michelia champaca
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Magnoliaceae
genus: Michelia
specificEpithet: champaca
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The fresh bark is externally covered with a light brown epidermis, which is easily removed, beneath this it is of a reddish brown colour mottled with longitudinal green stripes (not visible in the dry bark), and pale yellowish scars of very irregular form, the inner surface is yellowish and fibrous.  The bark is feebly bitter, and has a slight aroma, its minute structure is chiefly remarkable for numerous bundles of liber cells and for aggregations of large stony cells of a bright yellow colour, the cells of the parenchyma contain much starch.  Champa bark is mentioned as a febrifuge in the Indian Pharmacopoeia, but I have not heard of its being tried in this neighbourhood, from its very feeble bitterness I should not think it likely to beof much use. Mentioned as a febrifuge in the Indian Pharm.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041993
modified: 1994-01-24 00:00:00
country: Sri Lanka
countryCode: LK
locality: Sri Lanka, Indian Subcontinent, Asia Tropical
ScientificName: Cyathocalyx zeylanicus
scientificNameAuthorship: Champ. ex Hook.f. & Thomson
kingdom: Plantae
family: Annonaceae
genus: Cyathocalyx
specificEpithet: zeylanicus
occurrenceRemarks:
Pharm Soc cards - P.J. 3rd series Vol XVI. p.1045 1067 P.J. 3rd series Vol XVII p.4.41.101.141.205.225.245.305.325.405.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000041998
modified: 1994-02-08 00:00:00
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan, Eastern Asia, Asia Temperate
ScientificName: Magnolia stellata
scientificNameAuthorship: (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Magnoliaceae
genus: Magnolia
specificEpithet: stellata
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Shin-ee (4),  Magnolia stellata, Sin-i, Porter Smith, Chinese Mat. Med. p.142 Japanese.  Consists of very young flower buds of this tree.  The two outer scales are smooth, and the two inner are covered with a dense coat of silky hairs; when these are removed the flower in a very rudimentary state may be traced.  The taste is bitter and aromatic; of odour there is almost none.  According to Dr Porter Smith, a kind of snuff is made of the powdered drug was formerly used in China.  It is probably imported from that country??


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000004200
ScientificName: Guarea thompsonii
scientificNameAuthorship: Sprague & Hutch.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Meliaceae
genus: Guarea
specificEpithet: thompsonii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Old label reads - This specimen does not agree with authentic material from Imp. Inst. and Prince Risborough  CR Metcalfe 14.10.31. Lavoa Klainiana, Entandrophagma sp.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042001
modified: 2006-08-01 17:01:40.913000
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan
ScientificName: Schisandra
scientificNameAuthorship: Michx.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Schisandraceae
genus: Schisandra
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Gome See (6):- Schizandra nigra Max. Syn. Madzi-ssa, Maximowiez, Diag. Pl. Nov. Jap et Mandsh. Dec.x.p.370. This drug consists of reddish or black wrinkled fruits about the size of a pea, each containing two flattened kidney-shaped seeds. The seeds have a minutely tuberculated testa, and contain an oily albuminous nucleus. The berry is sweetish and mucilaginous and the kernel of the seed has a slightly bitter oily taste, but no odour.  Gomichi is given by Franchet and Savatier as the Japanese name for Schizandra chinensis, Baill. That plant, however, has smooth seeds.  Maximowiez, in the work above quoted, states that S.nigra is at once distinguished from all the other species of this genus by the black berries with a glaucous bloom and the tuberculated seeds.  S.nigra is a climbing plant, clothing the pine and fir trees with its foliage in alpine woods, especially those of the Kundsho san chain of mountains in central Kiusiu. The fruit is ripe in October and is considered edible. The Chinese character Wu-wei-tsze, which according to Dr Porter Smith is the Chinese name for the fruits of Kadsura chinensis (Schizandra chinensis, Baill.) is identical with the Japanese character above translated, gome-see, and means in both languages five-tasted seeds. The berries abound in a viscid mucus.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042018
modified: 2014-03-17 15:48:23.120000
country: Malaysia
countryCode: MY
locality: Peninsular Malaysia, Penang, Malaya, Malesia
eventDate: 1955-10-26 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 26/10/1955
ScientificName: Illicium anisatum
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Schisandraceae
genus: Illicium
specificEpithet: anisatum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  From C.R.P. Strachan Esq. Superintending Pharm. Chem. Govt. Medical Store Federation of Malaya.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042019
recordedBy: Christy PH
country: Mexico
countryCode: MX
locality: Mexico, Tampico, Near Mountains of Huasteca
ScientificName: Drimys lanceolata
scientificNameAuthorship: (Poir.) Baill.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Winteraceae
genus: Drimys
specificEpithet: lanceolata
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Said to be produced in the mountains of Huasteca near Tampico This appears to be really the bark of D.winteri Forst. or that varietyof it, known as D.mexicana Dlt. Also cf D.winteri, Mexico, Dr DeNrii X 1855


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042023
modified: 2006-07-27 15:22:35.170000
country: Argentina
countryCode: AR
locality: Buenos Aires
ScientificName: Drimys winteri
scientificNameAuthorship: J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Winteraceae
genus: Drimys
specificEpithet: winteri
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Coleccion de Vegetales utiles - Sud-Americanos  Dr Domingo Parodi, Buenos Aires. Cortesa de Winter 'Drymis Winteri' - Cook.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042028
recordedBy: Curtis AH
country: United States
countryCode: US
locality: USA, Jacksonville, Northern America
eventDate: 1894-07-25 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 25/07/1894
ScientificName: Magnolia virginiana
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Magnoliaceae
genus: Magnolia
specificEpithet: virginiana
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Bark from branches 3-4 inches thick  Edit note 1993 - reference for name, Magnolias by NG Treseder 1978


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042033
modified: 2006-08-03 16:20:23.923000
country: Italy
countryCode: IT
locality: Italy, Trieste, Southeastern Europe, Europe
ScientificName: Nigella damascena
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Nigella
specificEpithet: damascena
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  For plate see Hayne Getreue Daist. off - Gewichse Vol 1 and fastner de fruihibas (?) Recd. from Mr Sunnier Liverpool - purchased in Trieste- See Ph J ? HG Greenish. See Treasury of Botany 1874 pp.789-790


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042039
modified: 2006-08-03 16:21:26.507000
locality: Europe, (Southern Europe)
ScientificName: Helleborus niger
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Helleborus
specificEpithet: niger
occurrenceRemarks:
Note source:  See Goebel & Kunze pt II tab xxxii p 2-3. For fig of plant see Bentley & Trimen Med. Pl. tab 2.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000004204
modified: 2006-09-22 15:25:52.323000
ScientificName: Guarea thompsonii
scientificNameAuthorship: Sprague & Hutch.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Meliaceae
genus: Guarea
specificEpithet: thompsonii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Kwabahohr. Some information written on back of wood in pencil, sentances have been cut short.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042047
modified: 2012-06-06 17:33:40.527000
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan, Eastern Asia, Asia Temperate
ScientificName: Coptis japonica
scientificNameAuthorship: (Thunb.) Makino
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Coptis
specificEpithet: japonica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  S Henson, Mineralogist, 1885, Japanese Drugs  Edit note 1993 - reference for species name Flora of Japan by I.Ohwi 1984


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042051
modified: 1993-11-04 00:00:00
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China, Asia Temperate
ScientificName: Paeonia lactiflora
scientificNameAuthorship: Pall.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Paeoniaceae
genus: Paeonia
specificEpithet: lactiflora
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Generally used in diseases of women  Edit note 1993 - reference for name Fl.Jap. by J.Ohwi 1984


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042062
modified: 2012-06-06 17:09:06.417000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Northern Europe, Europe
ScientificName: Helleborus niger
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ranunculaceae
genus: Helleborus
specificEpithet: niger
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  See Goebel & Kunze pt II, tab XXXII p2-3. For fig. of plant see Bentley & Trimen Med.Pl.tab 2.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042065
modified: 1993-11-04 00:00:00
country: United States
countryCode: US
locality: USA, Northern America
ScientificName: Plantae
kingdom: Plantae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  This specimen was sent together with herbarium specimens of the plant by Dr Asa Gray to Mr D Hanbury in April 1868 P.J. (2) Vol iv p.12 Figure of plant, Bentley & Trimen Med.Pl.Tab.9


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042066
modified: 2006-07-27 15:32:26.093000
country: Sri Lanka
countryCode: LK
locality: Sri Lanka, Indian Subcontinent, Asia Tropical
ScientificName: Dillenia triquetra
scientificNameAuthorship: (Rottb.) Gilg
kingdom: Plantae
family: Dilleniaceae
genus: Dillenia
specificEpithet: triquetra
occurrenceRemarks:
Note source:  Edit note 1993 - reference for name Hoogland. A revision of the genus Dillenia Blumea 7 (1):1-45 (1952) Label source:  Ceylon


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042073
modified: 2006-08-03 15:58:04.190000
country: Indonesia
countryCode: ID
locality: Java
ScientificName: Myrica javanica
scientificNameAuthorship: Blume
kingdom: Plantae
family: Myricaceae
genus: Myrica
specificEpithet: javanica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Vegetable wax produced by boiling the leaves of a shrub resembling the Laurel which grows in Java. Candles like the specimen sent were made and consumed by Christee Esq. late of that Island.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042087
recordedBy: Hanbury D
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: North China
ScientificName: Lithocarpus corneus
scientificNameAuthorship: (Lour.) Rehder
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Lithocarpus
specificEpithet: corneus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Said to be from the North of China. Including small oak from hills near Koo-chow (China)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042107
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Three tins - 224 ..?.. shih tyee, Singapore.  224 Chu'shih tyee, FD Smith Coll, Chu shih tsze.  224 Chu' shih tsze, D Hanbury


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042156
modified: 2003-07-30 12:38:59.950000
ScientificName: Antiaris toxicaria
scientificNameAuthorship: (J.F.Gmel.) Lesch.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Antiaris
specificEpithet: toxicaria
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Succus-upas. Tebong or Tabong of Upoh getah, which has stiffened and is fit for use. Bamboo oddments also in box, possibly containing arrows? 2 Jars.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042163
modified: 2003-07-30 12:39:10.723000
ScientificName: Antiaris toxicaria
scientificNameAuthorship: (J.F.Gmel.) Lesch.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Antiaris
specificEpithet: toxicaria
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Upas antiar Inspissated juice. Diagram of poisonous seeds. 500 grammes yielded 1.83 grammes of Mulder Antiarin. 2 jars.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042165
country: Fiji
countryCode: FJ
locality: Fiji
ScientificName: Ficus barclayi
scientificNameAuthorship: Seem.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
specificEpithet: barclayi
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  4 examples: No.1 from Ruku Ruku Vanua Leon 1951 No.2 from Suva Viti Levu Fiji Nov. 1951 No.3. from Suva Viti Levu, Fiji Jan. 1952 No. 4 originally unnumbered.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042168
country: South Africa
countryCode: ZA
locality: South Africa, Cape Colony
ScientificName: Myrica cordifolia
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Myricaceae
genus: Myrica
specificEpithet: cordifolia
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Stevens & Co. Proprietors of 'Sacco' (South African Consumption Cure Original) 22 Basinghall Street, London E.C. 1905/ And at Cape Town.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042173
modified: 2006-08-08 16:12:20.237000
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
occurrenceRemarks:
Opuscular source:  Letter from WA Sherwood, Major, MC, USA, Chief of the Surgical service.  Re; Degummed famie fibre.  1. Pursuant to instructions contained in letter of July 10th, ramie has been given a trial in this Hospital.  2.  Personal observationand report of its use by Ward Surgeons would indicate the following conclusion in comparing it with absorbent cotton.  A.  It is longer in fibre. B.  Lighter.  C.  Same convenience in handling.  D.  Has greater and quicker absorbing quality.  3.  It was found to be very adaptable to certain parts of the Surgical work in this Hospital. Opuscular source:  Letter from John Jowell Moorhead, Supt. Surgical Dressings, American Red Cross, Washington to Mr M Sabner, 1789 Broadway, New York City. Dear Mr Sabner, I am sorry the report on your material has been delayed.  We had dressing made up of your material carded ramie, and tested.  Sterilization showed no change in the absorbability of the ramie and very little change in the consistency of the fabric with less tendency to pack than in the case of absorbent cotton.  Pads applied directly to freely draining wounds showed - a.  Wounds clean and dry when pads removed. b.  Pads evenly saturated with discharge.  Pads made of ramie used in Carrel-Dakin dressings compared favourably with absorbent  cotton pads of the same weight, holding the discharge rather better than the cotton with slightly less tendency to soiling of bedding from penetration of the pad.  Testimony of patients indicates equal comfort in use of ramie or cotton pads.  No evidence of any injurious chemical reaction occurring in the use of ramie pads against the skin in pus dressing or Carrel-Dakin dressings.  Yours etc etc.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042182
modified: 2006-07-27 14:17:04.003000
ScientificName: Salix tetrasperma
scientificNameAuthorship: Roxb.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Salicaceae
genus: Salix
specificEpithet: tetrasperma
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The bark of this tree is noticed in the 'Pharmacopoeia of India'; it is a thick red bark, very light and corky, deeply fissured longitudinally and cracked transversely on the outer surface; microscopic sections show that the greater portion of the bark consists of a corky parenchyme, much charged with red colouring matter. Walloonj bark is insipid and stains the saliva red; it is pobably quite inert.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042193
modified: 2007-01-24 14:13:49.170000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: India
ScientificName: Myrica nagi
scientificNameAuthorship: Thunb.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Myricaceae
genus: Myrica
specificEpithet: nagi
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  M.sapida, bark from Bombay Opuscular source:  Myrica sapida, the bark. vernacular - Kaiphal (Hind.Bomb. Beng.) Marudam-pattai (Tam.)  History, uses etc. This is the Katphala of Sanskrit writers, who describe it as hot and stimulant and recommend it in catarrh and affections of the chest. It is also used by the Hindus as an external stimulant application in cholera etc. Under the names of Dar-shishaan, Kandool, and Aod-ul-bark Mahometan writers tell us that the bark is resolvent, astringent, carminative and tonic; that it cures catarrah and headaches. With cinnamon they prescribe it for cronic cough, fever, piles etc; compounded with vinegar it strengths the gums and cures toothache; and oil prepared from is valuable in earache. A decoctionis used in asthma, diarrhoea and diuresis; powdered or in the form of lotion, the bark is applied to putrid sores; pessaries made of it promote uterine action. The usual dose for internal administration is about 60 grains. Duhn-ul-kandool, an oil prepared from the flowers, is said to have much the same properties as the bark. Description - the bark is half an inch thich, externally scabrous, pitted from the seperation of pieces of suber of a mottled rusty brown and dirty white colour, suber warty, substance of bark and inner surface of a deep red colour when soaked in water it produces a deep red solution.  Taste strongly astringent. Microscopic structure - within the suberous layer is a remarkable stratum of stony cells; the paranchyma is loaded throughout with red colouring, matter, and permeated by large laticiferous vessels, from which a gummy latex exudes when the bark is soaked in water.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042198
modified: 2006-08-03 16:07:51.333000
country: United States
countryCode: US
locality: United States America
ScientificName: Carya oliviformis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Michx.f.) Nutt.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Juglandaceae
genus: Carya
specificEpithet: oliviformis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  United States Department of Agriculture Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington. Hicoria pecan. Grown by T. W. Sawyer, Citronelle, Alabama. Lot No.1. Unnamed seedlings. Very good grade commercial pecans. On the market these would doubtless bring 50 or 60 cents a pound. By the parcel post method of marketing one dollar or more might be realised. Hicoria pecan. Lot No. 2. Seedlings grown by T.W.Sawyer, Citronelle, Ala. As compared with No.1, these are less attractive in appearance and not as well filled but have thinner shells and such specimens are well filled have attractive appearing kernals which are rich in quality and of pleasing flavour. The pecan is much the most popular nut in the American markets. Fumigation notice From CA Need Officeof Horticultural Inves. to Pharm Soc. 53688.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042201
modified: 2006-10-31 16:15:58.227000
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China
ScientificName: Quercus glandulifera
scientificNameAuthorship: Blume
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fagaceae
genus: Quercus
specificEpithet: glandulifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Arbor, saepius frutex ad parietes saxorum septemtrionem versus sitis in m. Gara Kurdist. versus cacumen. D. 27 Jul. 1841. Th. Kotschy. Pl. alepp. Kurd. moss 340. Ed. Hohenacker 1843.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042227
modified: 2006-10-26 10:49:35.840000
locality: Lake Tanganyika, Kituta
ScientificName: Erythrophleum guineense
scientificNameAuthorship: G.Don
kingdom: Plantae
family: Fabaceae
genus: Erythrophleum
specificEpithet: guineense
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  This tree is very poisonous and natives have a peculiar custom of administering a solution of the bark to people suspected of witchcraft and crime in order to find out the guilty party.  If the native who drinks vomits afterwards he will live, but if he retains the poison he dies.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042238
modified: 2006-11-03 13:06:23.310000
recordedBy: Hanbury Collection
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: India
ScientificName: Mallotus philippensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Lam.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Mallotus
specificEpithet: philippensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Importation of wurrus (Capila podie dye of Ainslie).  See Phar Journ xii p 589 p 368.  A few days since we observed in the hnds of a drug broker in the city a sample of this substance, of which one chest, imported from Bombay, was sellingas Dragons Blood.  Wurrus is a brick red powder, collected from the seed vessels of a Euphorbiaceous tree Rottlera tinctoria Roxb. occurring in Arabia, E Africa, and in various parts of India. It is used in these countries as a dye for silk, and is also administered internally as remedy in cutaneous disorders.  Examination with a good lens and solution in alcohol, readily distinguish it from dragons blood, which is sometimes brought to Europe in the powder state.  (Sample includes two pot samples of kamaleresidue.)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042239
recordedBy: Hanbury Collection
ScientificName: Mallotus
scientificNameAuthorship: Lour.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Mallotus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  (Pharmacographia p518) Section from Pharm Journ Dec 1867.  Note on a new kind of Kamala.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042242
modified: 2011-03-29 10:08:50.930000
recordedBy: Bailey AG
country: Nepal
countryCode: NP
locality: Nepal, Asia_Tropical, Indian_Subcontinent
eventDate: 1984-01-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 00/00/1984
ScientificName: Daphne
scientificNameAuthorship: Tourn. ex L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Thymelaeaceae
genus: Daphne
occurrenceRemarks:
Book of Tibetan paper. A new experience in writing from the Himalayan Kingdom of Nepal. Paper that is hand made, according to an ancient process, from the bark of the Daphne bush, or the Paper tree as the Nepalese call it. This paper comes from the high Himalayan region of Nepal; land of the Sherpas, Lamas; fluttering prayer flags and Mount Everest. It is printed with exotic wooden blocks, hand carved in our workshop. The block prints depict the mythical beasts of the great Himalayan ranges.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042244
modified: 2006-10-27 15:33:52.687000
locality: South America
ScientificName: Croton
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Croton
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Croton bark from JE Howard.  In note dated 26 Dec 1855, Howard says ' C bark in which both Dr Redwood and I found an alkaloid soluble in ether and giving a green colour with chlorine and ammonia.  It agrees with the bark of an unascertained species of Croton brought home by Dr Weddell'.  The bit marked C is that above referred to -- the rest is from Dr Redwood.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042251
modified: 2006-11-08 14:12:43.753000
recordedBy: Hanbury Collection
ScientificName: Mallotus philippensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Lam.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Mallotus
specificEpithet: philippensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  12 items as follows; Mappa Tomentosa - Macaranga tomentosa, Rottlera ferruginea, Rottlera subfalcata, Rottlera barbata, Rottlera floribunda, Koilodepas sp Mont Salak, Rottlera longifolia var pilosenscula, Rottlera paniculata, Rottlera sp Sanys, Rottlera tinctoria Roxb., Koilodepas cantamense var macrophylla, Rottlera acuminata.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042258
modified: 2006-11-08 14:30:26.043000
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China
ScientificName: Eucommia ulmoides
scientificNameAuthorship: Oliv.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Eucommiaceae
genus: Eucommia
specificEpithet: ulmoides
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Elastic bark from Chinese Merchants 1362 - Tu-Chung, F Porter Smith suc E.japonicus 1362 - Tu-chung, Dr Hokai,


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042268
modified: 2006-10-25 11:57:51.147000
country: Mexico
countryCode: MX
locality: Mexico
ScientificName: Pedilanthus pavonis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Pedilanthus
specificEpithet: pavonis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:   A plant wax from Mexico has recently come into commerce under the name Candelilla or Canutilla wax. This is the product of P. pavonis, a cactus-like plant of N.O. Euphorbiaceae, which grows to a height of 1 to 1 1/2 metres in the mountains in many parts of Mexico and in Lower California. The yield of wax is from 2 1/2 to 5%; it is obtained by extracting the parts of the plant with hot water. Two kinds come into commerce, one brownish and the other lighter in colour and remarkably hard, resembling carnauba wax. A sample of the hard brown wax had sp.gr. 0.9930 at 15 degrees, m.pt. 68.4 degrees, acid value 21. 1, and ester value 33.8, a lighter sample had sp.gr. 0.9360 at 15 degrees, acid value 19.2, and ester value 36.1. By rubbing and pounding, the wax can be powdered. It is soluble in turpentine and appears likely to find wide application in lacquers and in making telephone cables. Dr Niederstadt (Chem. Zeit. October 24 1911,1190) Pharm Journal


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042278
modified: 2006-11-06 16:29:22.377000
ScientificName: Anda brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: Raddi
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Anda
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  473a The perfect fruit from ...?... of Coventry. For locality see Donaleen Book 1886 Anda-afu


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042279
ScientificName: Jatropha multifida
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Jatropha
specificEpithet: multifida
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Native of Tropical America, yields 'Pinhoen oil' These seeds were mixed with some butter beans and caused sickness when eaten by some of the girls in the employ of Messrs Joseph Thorley Ltd, Kings Cross, London N


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042284
modified: 2006-10-31 11:55:11.460000
country: United States
countryCode: US
locality: USA
ScientificName: Jatropha stimulosa
scientificNameAuthorship: Michx.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Jatropha
specificEpithet: stimulosa
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  From Paul Menaul, Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College, School of Agricultural Experimental Station, Stillwater See P.I.1872, pp 252, 863


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000000423
recordNumber: 258
modified: 1993-12-07 00:00:00
recordedBy: Craven L, Schodde R
country: Solomon Islands
countryCode: SB
locality: Solomon Islands, Bougainville, c.14 mile north of Buin, Lower S.slopes L.Lolow crater
eventDate: 1964-08-13 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 13/08/1964
ScientificName: Xylopia peekelii
scientificNameAuthorship: Diels
kingdom: Plantae
family: Annonaceae
genus: Xylopia
specificEpithet: peekelii
occurrenceRemarks:
Entry book - Primary montane rainforest. Tree 25m tall; buds creamy; fruit dull mid green outside, magenta inside; bark pustula mid fawn brown outside, pale brown fawn inside; wood mid cream brown.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042340
modified: 2006-04-19 16:00:18.890000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Suffolk
ScientificName: Corylus avellana
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Corylus
specificEpithet: avellana
occurrenceRemarks:
Opuscular source:  From 41 Oldham Road, Croydon, 18.11.01.  Dear Sir.  I have obtained a faggot cutters tally and send herewith.  The uniform notches represent shillings - 20 faggot = 1/- wages On the shorter part the larger notches - 10/- each.  Yours very truly Lovett.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042343
ScientificName: Corylus avellana
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Corylus
specificEpithet: avellana
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Presented by Henry Howell & Co, Cane and Stick Manufacturers, 180 Old Street, London EC.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042347
modified: 2006-04-19 16:06:46.460000
country: Spain
countryCode: ES
locality: Spain, Tarragona
ScientificName: Corylus avellana
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Corylus
specificEpithet: avellana
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  1/4 Peck nuts, imported from Barcelona.  From Tarragona in district of Catalonia, Spain.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042360
modified: 2006-04-20 16:15:07.927000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain
ScientificName: Alnus
scientificNameAuthorship: Mill.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Alnus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  See letter 114.1955.  Diseased root.  The peculiar coral like growth from the alder root sent for examination is caused by a minute parasite called Plasmodiophora alni.  The parasite belongs to the group of plants known as Myxogastres, andis closely allied to the parasite causing the disease popularly known as finger and toe on the roots of cabbages and turnips.  George Massee, 5.5.1905


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042361
modified: 2012-02-27 15:13:03.967000
country: Canada
countryCode: CA
locality: Canada, British Columbia, Hope Island, Xumtaspi
eventDate: 1899-11-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 00/11/1899
ScientificName: Alnus rubra
scientificNameAuthorship: Bong.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Alnus
specificEpithet: rubra
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  'Red dye of Alder bark Alnus rubra shown on inner bark of Giant cedar, Xumtaspi, Hope I., BC, Nov. 1899.' Made by Kwakwaka'wakw people of Hope Island. The cedar bark dyed with red alder is called Tl'a-kot in the Kwakwala language. Newcombe was paid $0.50 for this item in 1900.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042369
modified: 2016-12-15 13:24:10.837000
country: Sweden
countryCode: SE
locality: Sweden
ScientificName: Alnus
scientificNameAuthorship: Mill.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Alnus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Two spoons donated by different people Plain spoon - made of wood, Gottingen, Dr Alexander Ornate spoon made by the peasantry of Dalecarlea, Sweden, H Christy  Displayed in 'Kew in the city' at Wizadry in Wood, Carpenters' Hall, Trogmorton Avenue, London EC2N 2JJ, Oct 12-15, 2016 (curated collection of wooden objects and rare timbers from EBC)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042380
modified: 2011-02-11 16:18:14.460000
country: Canada
countryCode: CA
locality: Canada, British Columbia, Queen Charlotte Islands
ScientificName: Alnus viridis var. sinuata
scientificNameAuthorship: Regel
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Alnus
specificEpithet: viridis
infraspecificEpithet: sinuata
taxonRank: VARIETY
occurrenceRemarks:
Label reads: 'Spoon made by the Haida Indians of Alnus viridis var. sinuata Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.' Newcombe was paid $0.50 for this item in 1904. Seen by Nancy Turner 20/10/2009. Suggested to be A. rubra, as A. viridis does not grow large enough. In her ethnographic work she has been told of 'green alder' items that turned out to be fresh (i.e. green wood) A. rubra.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042381
modified: 2003-11-06 15:28:37.883000
country: Canada
countryCode: CA
locality: Canada, British Columbia, Hope Island, Xumtaspi
eventDate: 1899-11-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 00/11/1899
ScientificName: Alnus rubra
scientificNameAuthorship: Bong.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Alnus
specificEpithet: rubra
occurrenceRemarks:
Note reads: 'Dish of Alnus rubra, Red alder, Xumtaspi, Hope I., BC, Nov. 1899.' Made by the Kwakwaka'wakw (Kwakiutl) people of Hope Island. The dish made of red alder is called Tsepatse in the Kwakwala language. Newcombe was paid $1.25 for this item in 1900.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042390
modified: 2006-05-04 16:35:59.150000
country: France
countryCode: FR
locality: Paris
ScientificName: Betula
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  French Gutta Percha made by distilling the outer bark of birch, for mixing with ordinary Gutta Percha.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042397
recordNumber: 12453
modified: 2006-05-08 15:50:00.573000
recordedBy: Forrest
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China, Li-Chiang Range
eventDate: 1914-01-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 00/00/1914
ScientificName: Betula utilis
scientificNameAuthorship: D.Don
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
specificEpithet: utilis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Herb Kew 1928 Tree of 30 to 80 feet. Bark bright ruddy brown. Dense mixed forests of the Lichiang Range. June 1914 Alt 9-1000 feet


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042400
modified: 2016-12-15 13:24:47.443000
country: Norway
countryCode: NO
locality: Norway, Stavanger
ScientificName: Betula alnus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
specificEpithet: alnus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Wooden spoons used by most classes in town and country. Silver spoons areonly employed on special occasions, seem to be heirlooms; I have seen 2 more than 200 years old, one had the date 1641, another 1648.  Displayed in 'Kew in the city' at Wizadry in Wood, Carpenters' Hall, Trogmorton Avenue, London EC2N 2JJ, Oct 12-15, 2016 (curated collection of wooden objects and rare timbers from EBC)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042405
modified: 2016-12-15 13:26:45.893000
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan, Myanoshita & Nikko
ScientificName: Betula utilis
scientificNameAuthorship: D.Don
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
specificEpithet: utilis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Japanese writing.  Displayed in 'Kew in the city' at Wizadry in Wood, Carpenters' Hall, Trogmorton Avenue, London EC2N 2JJ, Oct 12-15, 2016 (curated collection of wooden objects and rare timbers from EBC)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042406
modified: 2025-09-12 11:47:36.673000
country: Sweden
countryCode: SE
locality: Sweden, Elmhult
ScientificName: Betula
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
occurrenceRemarks:
Small bag. 10 x 8cm + handle 1.5cm wide Folded + stitched  Label EBN: 59.1872  Description: Basket made of birch bark in which wild raspberries are sold by the peasants at Elmhult, Sweden. Desmond I. Trimen, Henry 1843-96 Assistant Botany dept. BM 1869-79 (1879 became Director, Bot. G. Peradeniya, Ceylon.)  Notes by Ruth Stungo, transcribed by CJ.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042407
modified: 2021-09-01 14:21:17.417000
country: Finland
countryCode: FI
locality: Finland, Karelia
ScientificName: Betula
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
occurrenceRemarks:
Purchased by Kew for 2/6. Label source:  Used to frighten bears. Photographed and catalogued in November 2016 as part of the Musical Instrument Interface for Museums and Collections (MINIM-UK) project, Royal College of Music, www.minim-uk.org


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042410
modified: 2016-12-15 13:25:01.630000
country: SU
countryCode: SU
locality: Russia
ScientificName: Betula alnus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
specificEpithet: alnus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Specimens illustrating the manufacture of spoons in Russia from the wood of Betula. Label in foreign language.  Displayed in 'Kew in the city' at Wizadry in Wood, Carpenters' Hall, Trogmorton Avenue, London EC2N 2JJ, Oct 12-15, 2016 (curated collection of wooden objects and rare timbers from EBC)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042416
modified: 2025-09-12 11:46:28.793000
country: Sweden
countryCode: SE
locality: Sweden
ScientificName: Betula alnus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
specificEpithet: alnus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Used by peasants in the northern parts of Sweden when going to their far distant meadow swamps, made of bark of birch, and called Napur-skor????  Exhibited in Plants + People exhibition Museum No 1, Kew. May 1998 to May 2016  EBN: 161.1860 (Entry book number transcription): Shoes made of birch bark used by peasants in Northern part of Sweden when going  their far distant meadow swamps.   Notes by Ruth Stungo, transcribed by CJ.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042417
modified: 2016-12-15 13:26:24.907000
country: Canada
countryCode: CA
ScientificName: Betula papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: Marshall
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Fort Edmonton ? --Dominos en bois de Betula papyrifera Fort Edmonton ind à Bourgeau 1858--  Displayed in 'Kew in the city' at Wizadry in Wood, Carpenters' Hall, Trogmorton Avenue, London EC2N 2JJ, Oct 12-15, 2016 (curated collection of wooden objects and rare timbers from EBC)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042419
modified: 2018-10-17 17:24:17.873000
country: Finland
countryCode: FI
locality: Finland
ScientificName: Betula alnus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
specificEpithet: alnus
occurrenceRemarks:
Purchased by Kew for 3/10 Box inscribed with 'Alku tyon kaunistaa lopussa kiitos seisoo' (Finnish) - roughly translates as 'If your beginning is beautiful you'll be thankful in the end'.  The design is typical of a Norwegian birch butter box 'smortine' which were very ornamental.  Finnish butter boxes were usually much more simple in design.  Harriet Gendall pers. comm. 2018, after consulting Norwegian scholar and Finnish visitors to Kew.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042420
modified: 2016-12-15 13:25:12.617000
country: Finland
countryCode: FI
locality: Finland
ScientificName: Betula alnus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
specificEpithet: alnus
occurrenceRemarks:
Purchased by Kew for 2/3  Displayed in 'Kew in the city' at Wizadry in Wood, Carpenters' Hall, Trogmorton Avenue, London EC2N 2JJ, Oct 12-15, 2016 (curated collection of wooden objects and rare timbers from EBC)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042421
modified: 2005-07-05 16:04:08.747000
ScientificName: Betulaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Gray
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Of the type commonly erected in the hayfields of Finland, where the hay is cut. The model itself is made of American Sweet Gum, Liquidamber styraciflua L.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042433
modified: 2010-10-15 13:11:04.050000
country: Canada
countryCode: CA
locality: Canada, British Columbia
ScientificName: Betula papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: Marshall
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label reads: 'Basket of sap-wood of Betual papyrifera Marsh. Salish Indians, NW America.' Newcombe was paid $1.50 for this item in 1904. Geography inferred from cultural group (Salish).


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042437
modified: 2016-12-15 13:25:39.103000
country: Finland
countryCode: FI
locality: Finland
ScientificName: Betula alba var. populifolia
scientificNameAuthorship: (Marshall) Spach
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
specificEpithet: alba
infraspecificEpithet: populifolia
taxonRank: VARIETY
occurrenceRemarks:
Purchased by Kew for 4/6  Displayed in 'Kew in the city' at Wizadry in Wood, Carpenters' Hall, Trogmorton Avenue, London EC2N 2JJ, Oct 12-15, 2016 (curated collection of wooden objects and rare timbers from EBC)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042441
modified: 2016-12-15 13:25:52.923000
country: Finland
countryCode: FI
locality: Finland
ScientificName: Betula alba var. populifolia
scientificNameAuthorship: (Marshall) Spach
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
specificEpithet: alba
infraspecificEpithet: populifolia
taxonRank: VARIETY
occurrenceRemarks:
Purchased by Kew for 8/-  Displayed in 'Kew in the city' at Wizadry in Wood, Carpenters' Hall, Trogmorton Avenue, London EC2N 2JJ, Oct 12-15, 2016 (curated collection of wooden objects and rare timbers from EBC)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042445
modified: 2005-07-13 17:57:38.133000
country: Sweden
countryCode: SE
locality: Sweden
ScientificName: Betula alnus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
specificEpithet: alnus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Trade name - JH Munktells unrivalled Genuine Swedish Filtering Paper, each box contains 500 filters


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042448
modified: 2005-06-03 11:26:34.643000
country: Canada
countryCode: CA
locality: Canada
ScientificName: Betula papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: Marshall
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Entry Book: 4 boxes of Canadian baskets etc.. 'Such numbers as are still attached refer to the Official Catalogue of the Colonial and Indian Exhibition 1886'.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042450
modified: 2006-02-14 12:12:11.200000
country: SU
countryCode: SU
locality: Kamtchatka
ScientificName: Betula
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Kew Memo Subject: Letter Dr Hery Guillemard, Oldmill House, Trumpington June 14th 1909. to Mr Hill. The Birch bark box is interesting as showing identical construction with those you have in the museum from West Siberia. This was one of those we got in Central Kamchatka, made by the Kamchatdales, and it helped to carry our provisions in our journey down the Great Kamchatka River. Extract J.H.H. 21.vi.09.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042460
ScientificName: Betula
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  A number of stages in the manufactureof wooden bowls, 2 infact. Contemporary craftsmanship in wood. Loaned by Betula Ltd.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042463
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Scotland
ScientificName: Betula alnus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
specificEpithet: alnus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Specimens demonstrating stages in the manufavture of cotton reels of Birch. Wood grown in Scotland. Blocked slices & cross cut slices for blocking.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042466
modified: 2011-02-11 09:51:41.337000
country: Canada
countryCode: CA
locality: Canada, Saskatchewan, Edmonton
ScientificName: Betula papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: Marshall
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Savages Assiniboine. Indians.  --Pot Betula papyracea Sauvages Assiniboine Edmonton Saskatchewan 1858--


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042468
modified: 2014-07-11 14:12:03.993000
country: Canada
countryCode: CA
locality: Canada, British Columbia, Skeena River, Hazelton
ScientificName: Betula papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: Marshall
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  'Water vessel of bark of 'Paper Birch' Betula papyrifera Marsh. Made by the Dene Indians, Hazelton, Skeena River, British Columbia.'


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042473
modified: 2005-08-08 16:10:15.883000
ScientificName: Carpinus betulus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Carpinus
specificEpithet: betulus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Used, instead of paper, for covering walls. The shavings are removed from the trunks by a gigantic planing machine.  They can be supplied in America at about the same cost as ordinary paper.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042474
modified: 2018-07-24 10:01:58.483000
country: Switzerland
countryCode: CH
locality: Switzerland
ScientificName: Betula
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Such as is used to call down the cows and goats from the mountains at nightfall. Photographed and catalogued in November 2016 as part of the Musical Instrument Interface for Museums and Collections (MINIM-UK) project, Royal College of Music, www.minim-uk.org


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042476
modified: 2018-07-24 10:01:32.317000
country: Norway
countryCode: NO
locality: Norway
ScientificName: Betula alnus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
specificEpithet: alnus
occurrenceRemarks:
Part of Plants + People exhibition Museum No 1, Kew. May 1998 to May 2016  Photographed and catalogued in November 2016 as part of the Musical Instrument Interface for Museums and Collections (MINIM-UK) project, Royal College of Music, www.minim-uk.org


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042481
modified: 2005-07-12 10:15:14.253000
country: Norway
countryCode: NO
locality: Norway
ScientificName: Betula alnus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Betula
specificEpithet: alnus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The most general use made of this is in the covering of houses in the country.  The rafters are covered with boards rather rudely put together; over these a layer of birch bark quite compact, and upon this turf.  As might be expected a whole crop of grass grows on the roof of the house, and many small trees, birch and mountain ash.  On one house I counted more than 12 trees, several 6 or 8 ft high.  In towns, houses are covered with tiles. In Bergen, the walls of many houses are first built of wood say 2 or 3 inches thick, upon this is laid birch bark, and the outside is built up with bricks.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042494
country: Austria
countryCode: AT
locality: Austria
ScientificName: Carpinus betulus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Betulaceae
genus: Carpinus
specificEpithet: betulus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Three pieces of stained wood. ENewman & Co, 1 & 3 Leonard St, City Road, EC. Letter 15 1915, Jan 9, 1915 ix p 179.  Crocus wood fromAustria.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042502
modified: 2005-07-11 16:17:20.553000
country: Fiji
countryCode: FJ
locality: Fiji Islands
ScientificName: Casuarina
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Casuarinaceae
genus: Casuarina
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  These pillows are used by the men to preserve their head dress.  They wear their hair very long and frizzed out at right angles to the head, and coloured with a mixture of red clay and lime. The use of the pillow produces a large callus onthe nape of the neck. The women (with the exception of those of Royal rank) wear short hair.  Opuscular source:     Memo from Chapmans, 10 London Rd., Kingston-on-Thames, to JR Jackson  at Kew, 25.05.1898. Dear Sir, I am sending by carrier a piece of wood which has been described to me as a block used at executions in such places as Benin, the notches  underneath represent the number of victims who have been beheaded.  I will endeavour to find out from the gent who brought it over more particulars, whichI will let you have. A second letter follows, 27 May 1898:  In answer to your letter of 26 May.  It was, as you suggest, from the Fiji Islands, and it was my mistake to mention Benin.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042588
modified: 2019-02-21 11:08:04.320000
country: Colombia
countryCode: CO
locality: Colombia
ScientificName: Myrica
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Myricaceae
genus: Myrica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source: Muestra sin valor. From M.T. Dawe. Colombia. Recd 7.jan.1920. 1/1920  New determination (2019): M.pubescens (Humb. & Bonpl. Ex Willd.) Wilbur Notes updated 2019


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042591
modified: 2005-04-21 14:49:21.333000
ScientificName: Juglans
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Juglandaceae
genus: Juglans
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Inner bark of a tree belonging to Juglandaceae. Opuscular source:  Letter 98, 1915 x.p.12.  It may possibly belong to one of the walnut family. In structure it shows considerable resemblance to the inner bark of Juglans cinerea, the butternut of the US and Canada, but differs from this in its pale colour and some minor particulars.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042650
modified: 2010-06-29 10:47:01.553000
locality: Baltic Provinces
ScientificName: Juglans regia
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Juglandaceae
genus: Juglans
specificEpithet: regia
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Letter 49, 1918: xii.p.50. Piece of wood called Vogeltritt. The wood appears to be Walnut. The name Vogeltritt has not been traced. L.A.B. 2.3.18. Vogeltritt has not been traced as the name of a plant or wood; but is it not Hahnontritt = cock-tread, the germinal vesicle of an impregnated egg. 'Vogel' stands sometimes for Hahn or Huhn, the 'Vogel' (bird) ??. Has the wood marks which suggest the name cock-tread. Signed O.S. 11.111.1918.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042676
modified: 2012-02-14 13:32:22.880000
country: United States
countryCode: US
locality: USA
ScientificName: Juglans nigra
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Juglandaceae
genus: Juglans
specificEpithet: nigra
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Vegetable dyed wools from the mustard seed studio workshop of Bette Raymond. Dye lot 7-19


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042685
modified: 2017-01-16 15:53:57.280000
ScientificName: Juglans nigra
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Juglandaceae
genus: Juglans
specificEpithet: nigra
occurrenceRemarks:
Plants + People exhibition Museum No 1, Kew.  May 1998 to May 2016. Photographed and catalogued in November 2016 as part of the Musical Instrument Interface for Museums and Collections (MINIM-UK) project, Royal College of Music, www.minim-uk.org


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042687
ScientificName: Juglans regia
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Juglandaceae
genus: Juglans
specificEpithet: regia
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  4 items: 1. 20/40 mesh;for cleaningfur,metal, tinplate etc. 2. 40/90mesh;  for firebricks, linoleum, patent flooring. 3. 100/90 mesh;filler for plastic moulding powders. 4.325/90mesh; extender for synthetic glues.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042689
modified: 2003-12-02 18:08:27.387000
country: United States
countryCode: US
locality: North America
ScientificName: Juglandaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: DC.ex Perleb
kingdom: Plantae
family: Juglandaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Silkworm moths, Actias luna.  Wild in N America where the larvae feed on the leaves of Juglans cinerea L and other plants


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042699
modified: 2025-09-12 11:44:49.523000
country: Italy
countryCode: IT
locality: Italy, Milan
ScientificName: Juglans
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Juglandaceae
genus: Juglans
occurrenceRemarks:
Handle nailed to base, narrowing at ends. Oval base 17.2 x 10cm. Height of handle 21.5cm.	 Nailed join of Walnut Hole (one side only) and nails present Walnut sheet 0.3cm thick  Netting attached to base via small holes drilled through top of base Netting held at top by cord passing through top loops and pulled tight Netting in doubled, thick yellowish fibre (hemp). Mesh size approx. 1.5cm.   Label  “Box of walnut wood in which quails are put to be fattened with a net tied over”.   Notes by Ruth Stungo, transcribed by CJ. 


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042709
modified: 2006-08-16 17:32:10.837000
country: United States
countryCode: US
locality: USA
ScientificName: Juglans nigra
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Juglandaceae
genus: Juglans
specificEpithet: nigra
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Cut longitudinally. Used instead of paper, for covering walls. The shavings are removed from the trunks by a gigantic planing machine. They can be supplied in America at about the same cost of ordinary wall paper


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042721
country: United States
countryCode: US
locality: USA
ScientificName: Platanus occidentalis
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Platanaceae
genus: Platanus
specificEpithet: occidentalis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Used instead of paper, for covering walls. The shavings are removed from the trunks by a gigantic planing machine. They can be supplied in USA at about the same cost as wall paper.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042727
modified: 2019-07-18 11:52:23.593000
country: Malaysia
countryCode: MY
locality: Perak
ScientificName: Moraceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Quiver for holding blow-pipe darts made by the Semangs of Ulu Salama, Perak. The darts are poisoned with Ipohex Kew Mus 18.12.74 Exhibited in  Plants + People exhibition Museum No 1, Kew. May 1998 to May 2016


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042732
modified: 2007-05-15 16:55:09.197000
ScientificName: Antiaris toxicaria
scientificNameAuthorship: (J.F.Gmel.) Lesch.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Antiaris
specificEpithet: toxicaria
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Crystallised antiarine, C14 H10 O5, active principle of the juice of the Upas Tree and the resin, C16 H12 O, from the juice of the Upas Tree, not poisonous. Upas or Antsjar of Java, respecting which the most extraordinary stories have been circulated; among others, the statement that no living animal was to be seen for a distance of 15 or 20 miles around the tree producing it. The tree, however, usually grows where malaria prevails. The juice is collected from incisions in the stem, and inspissated, with the addition of Arum, Onions etc. and used as a poison.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042736
modified: 2005-04-05 15:55:31.520000
country: Solomon Islands
countryCode: SB
locality: Solomon Islands
ScientificName: Antiaris turbinifera
scientificNameAuthorship: Hemsl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Antiaris
specificEpithet: turbinifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  .... fruit a single spherical seed with a natural orifice at one end. The natives bore holes at right angles to this and insert a stick for a peg and then spin it with a double string, and it hums like a top. The two ends of the string must be pulled in an opposite direction and the top spins ... downwards


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042741
modified: 2007-01-17 12:54:32.283000
ScientificName: Antiaris toxicaria
scientificNameAuthorship: (J.F.Gmel.) Lesch.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Antiaris
specificEpithet: toxicaria
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Blow pipe darts made from the Wild Sugar Palm Arengo undulatifolia and poisoned with Antiaris


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042744
modified: 2007-01-17 15:19:40.497000
country: Malaysia
countryCode: MY
locality: Perak
ScientificName: Antiaris toxicaria
scientificNameAuthorship: (J.F.Gmel.) Lesch.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Antiaris
specificEpithet: toxicaria
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Antiar resin from the fresh sap of the 'Ipoh' and Antiarin extracted from one fluid ounce of sap. Antiarin extracted by Vatt's method from 1 fluid oz of sap, coll at Ulu Selama 13.6.91. (4.6 grs)  Resin is hard lump.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042747
modified: 2003-07-30 15:04:49.783000
country: Malaysia
countryCode: MY
locality: Perak
ScientificName: Antiaris
scientificNameAuthorship: Lesch.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Antiaris
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  1.Spatula on which 'Ipoh' (Upas Poison) is dried for tipping arrows. 2.Protecting sheath for spatula. 3.Hallow Bamboo Receptacle for poison.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042757
modified: 2006-09-05 10:35:29.153000
ScientificName: Artocarpus
scientificNameAuthorship: J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Artocarpus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The jack fruit has uses similar to those of the breadfruit, but its large fruit sometimes weighing 35 to 40 pounds, are considered to be inferior in quality. Both species have been cultivated in the Indo-Malayan region since time immemorial.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042758
modified: 2007-01-19 10:39:10.117000
ScientificName: Artocarpus communis
scientificNameAuthorship: J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Artocarpus
specificEpithet: communis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The breadfruit is one of the most important food fruits in the world. It is native of Malaya but is now widespread in the tropics, in many parts serving the same purpose as bread does in the diet of more northerly peoples. The breadfruitiseaten fresh, baked, boiled, roasted, fried or ground up and used for bread. A paste made from it can be stored for use during the few months when the fresh fruits are not available.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042760
modified: 2017-01-17 17:42:44.150000
country: Solomon Islands
countryCode: SB
locality: Solomon Islands, New Georgia, Roviana
ScientificName: Artocarpus communis
scientificNameAuthorship: J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Artocarpus
specificEpithet: communis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  From breadfruit tree, poga and Kalala lakori  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University ofGlasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016-? www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042762
modified: 2019-07-18 10:14:13.273000
country: Jamaica
countryCode: JM
locality: Jamaica
ScientificName: Artocarpus communis
scientificNameAuthorship: J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Artocarpus
specificEpithet: communis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Dried in the sun Exhibited in Plants + People exhibition in Museum no.1, May 1998 to May 2016


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042765
modified: 2006-08-24 09:26:56.130000
country: Malaysia
countryCode: MY
locality: British North Borneo
ScientificName: Artocarpus elasticus
scientificNameAuthorship: Reinw. ex Blume
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Artocarpus
specificEpithet: elasticus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Very near Artocarpus blumei, which is possibly the mature state of A. elastica, Reinw.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042777
modified: 2006-10-23 16:42:16.327000
country: Nigeria
countryCode: NG
locality: Southern Nigeria
ScientificName: Artocarpus integer
scientificNameAuthorship: (Thunb.) Merr.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Artocarpus
specificEpithet: integer
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  See letter M986.32, 1st Dec 1932 to Director of Forests, Ibadan, verifying name, Artocarpus integrifolia and stating no reason to suspect any poisonous properties.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042806
modified: 2019-07-18 10:07:50.030000
ScientificName: Artocarpus
scientificNameAuthorship: J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Artocarpus
occurrenceRemarks:
Exhibited in Plants + People exhibition in Museum No 1, Kew.  May 1998 to May 2016. In the Botanical Cafe exhibition as part of the Joseph Banks display December 2016 - August 2018


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042808
modified: 2005-05-03 17:43:56.063000
country: Indonesia
countryCode: ID
locality: Aru Islands
ScientificName: Artocarpus
scientificNameAuthorship: J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Artocarpus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Fruit of large lofty forest tree, Wohau, Aru Islands. Fruit is edible but mealy, dry and with little flavour.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042819
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Andamans
ScientificName: Artocarpus lakoocha
scientificNameAuthorship: Roxb.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Artocarpus
specificEpithet: lakoocha
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Form No. 3 Class I, Division B, Section2. Exhibitors name Forest Office. Address Port Blair. India.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042826
modified: 2018-01-09 16:57:53.010000
country: French Polynesia
countryCode: PF
locality: Washington Island, Huahuna
ScientificName: Moraceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Marquesian pestle of basalt (igneous rock) finely rubbed down and carved in a phallic design. Used for pounding bread fruit for the preparation of 'Poi'.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042830
modified: 2006-12-11 11:28:43.833000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Assam, Garo Hills
ScientificName: Artocarpus
scientificNameAuthorship: J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Artocarpus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  2302, 2334  From Forest Officer Garo Hills Division. A Garo quilt or covering when sleeping made from the bark of the Thackram tree and called by them Sumpack.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042834
modified: 2003-11-06 15:46:22.257000
recordedBy: Forbes HO
country: Indonesia
countryCode: ID
locality: Ceram
eventDate: 1883-01-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 00/00/1883
ScientificName: Artocarpus
scientificNameAuthorship: J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Artocarpus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Ornamented native cloth made of the inner bark of an Artocarpeous tree. Lt. Col. Demmein dd ?


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042835
modified: 2017-01-17 17:43:12.100000
locality: Borneo
ScientificName: Artocarpus
scientificNameAuthorship: J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Artocarpus
occurrenceRemarks:
Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016-? www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042839
modified: 2018-07-24 10:01:08.163000
recordedBy: Spruce, Richard
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Uaupes
ScientificName: Brosimum
scientificNameAuthorship: Sw.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Brosimum
occurrenceRemarks:
Source: Museum entry book 1847-55, pp203-4:  The transverse plaits in these are made with the teeth.  They are painted with garajure.  The Tururí are Artocarpaceous trees, among the loftiest in the forest.  The commonest species has red bark; this white barked one called Tururí morotenga.  I have not seen it flower.  Among the Uaupe Indians the tanga is the only article of dress, barely sufficing to hide their nether regions.  It is passed under the thighs and tucked in, before and behind, under a stringwhich passes around the loin.  It is usually a rough strip of Red Tururí or a piece of curana cloth of their own manufacture.  What is singular is that its use is confined to men; the women (except in festas when they wear tangas of plaited beads) going entirely naked.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042841
modified: 2017-07-04 09:52:30.143000
recordedBy: William Milne
country: Fiji
countryCode: FJ
locality: Ovalau Island, Fiji
identifiedBy: Nesbitt, Mark
ScientificName: Hibiscus tiliaceus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Malvaceae
genus: Hibiscus
specificEpithet: tiliaceus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Dyed with dust of Sandal Wood Previously catalogued as 153.05 MORACEAE Broussonetia papyrifera Vent. (FC 00/07/2017)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042843
modified: 2017-07-04 09:53:09.670000
recordedBy: William Milne
country: Fiji
countryCode: FJ
locality: Ovalau Island, Fiji
identifiedBy: Nesbitt, Mark
ScientificName: Hibiscus tiliaceus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Malvaceae
genus: Hibiscus
specificEpithet: tiliaceus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Dyed with Mangrove Bark Previously catalogued as 153.05 MORACEAE Broussonetia papyrifera Vent. (FC 00/07/2017)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042845
recordNumber: 19
modified: 2019-07-18 11:09:24.960000
recordedBy: Parkes, Sir Harry S
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan
ScientificName: Broussonetia × kazinoki
scientificNameAuthorship: Siebold
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: × kazinoki
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Report p12 no 19 Exhibited in Plants + People exhibition Museum No 1, Kew.  May 1998 to May 2016.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042846
modified: 2006-11-29 15:35:13.240000
country: Ghana
countryCode: GH
locality: Ghana
ScientificName: Bosqueia angolensis
scientificNameAuthorship: Ficalho
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Bosqueia
specificEpithet: angolensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  This tree produces copious latex.  Trees are tapped in the herring bone system and the latex is used for adulterating  the latex of Funtlemi?? elastica...


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042849
modified: 2017-01-17 17:40:38.617000
country: United States Minor Outlying Islands
countryCode: UM
ScientificName: Moraceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Types or patterns made of bamboo and used for printing Tapa Cloth made from Broussonetia papyrifera Vent. Identified as being from Hawaii by Adrienne Kaeppler.  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016-? www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042851
modified: 2015-08-06 14:03:26.430000
recordedBy: Parkes, Sir Harry S
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Imitation crape, Kanoko, for ornaments for the hair, and string for tying it made of paper of bark. p 17, probably Nov, 62-66 Divided between two boxes


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042855
modified: 2006-07-03 15:54:31.390000
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan
ScientificName: Broussonetia
scientificNameAuthorship: L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Direct from the mills of the Imperial Govt of Japan.  The Govt, having established large paper mills in Tokyo, are prepared to receive orders for every description of paper in quality, weight or size.  Paper is from vegetable fibre, of unusual strength, is impervious to damp etc. 7 different samples.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042856
modified: 2019-07-18 11:10:36.560000
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Used by Japanese ladies for tying hair. Exhibited in Plants + People exhibition in Museum no.1, May 1998 to May 2016


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042857
modified: 2004-07-20 12:39:35.757000
recordedBy: Spruce, Richard
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Uaupes
ScientificName: Brosimum
scientificNameAuthorship: Sw.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Brosimum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  146  Museum Entry Book 1847-55, p 207-208.: The tree from which my specimens were taken measured 110 feet and was proportionally thick.  It exudes a greenish milk when wounded.  The bark is stripped off in precisely the same manner as isdescribed by Lindly.  It is used for caulking canoes, making bags, tangas, bowstrings and a variety of other purposes.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042861
modified: 2025-09-15 16:38:38.463000
locality: Navigator's Island
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Worn as a garment by the natives of Samoa.  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016-? www.tapa.gla.ac.uk  - Surface coating could likely be from Sap of the Bishofia Javanica – O’a - red sap. The black pigment comes from roasting the candle nut to create soot, this is often mixed with the o’a sap.  - U’a is the name of the bark harvested from the paper mulberry which is used to make tapa.  - The black ink, from the parinarium / lipstick tree – comes from the pods.  - Interesting fringing on this object is similar to the cook islands, but not the same level of pigmentation; they also do not varnish their tapa with the o’a. These are different designs to Samoa, Fiji and Tonga.  - The straight lines are called Tasina, the rubbing tablet (upeti) can be used either carved or woven, and this tapa uses the rubbing (elei) process. Siapo – ma mana is the process of using free hand design to draw on the tapa.  - The rubbing tablet was usually used as a background with brown pigment first applied, and then black ink is used as a highlight.  - Dark Ink spots on this tapa show an excess amount of dark in O’a (sap) and candlenut ink, as there are layers and layers applied to give the tapa its shine.  - When harvesting u’a, you strip the bark, it is fermented, you beat it and then there is the design added. This full process indicates time and dedication, and this intention is what makes the tapa valuable.  - The shine of these of these garments show the efforts of the colour maker’s process and application to the garment.  - Jimmy noted that this tapa poncho with a shine is not something he had seen from Samoa before, nor was the fringing typical of Samoan tapa.  - At the Auckland Museum most of the tapa are rolled onto tubes of varying sizes – they have a pacific store containing adornment (Polynesian), wooden materials, baskets, and rolled pacific collection of which there are 30,000 objects.  Notes by Jimmy Ma'ia'i, Pacific Collection Manager - Auckland Museum 


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042863
modified: 2025-08-26 14:11:58.587000
country: Samoa
countryCode: WS
locality: Samoa
ScientificName: Broussonetia
scientificNameAuthorship: L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
occurrenceRemarks:
Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016- 2018 www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042864
modified: 2017-01-17 17:44:46.990000
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  No label  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016-? www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042867
recordNumber: 13
modified: 2019-06-18 11:01:43.917000
recordedBy: Parkes, Sir Harry S
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan
ScientificName: Broussonetia × kazinoki
scientificNameAuthorship: Siebold
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: × kazinoki
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Recycled paper bearing ink from previous use, eg. account book. Worn next to the skin in warm weather. It is very durable and will bear washing. Parkes Collection Report p.12 No.13. Exhibited in Plants+People exhibition in Museum No.1, May 1998 to May 2016


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042874
modified: 2005-07-04 15:24:26.510000
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China
ScientificName: Broussonetia
scientificNameAuthorship: L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  C Page & Co Rattan, Bamboo, Stick and Malacca Merchants. Letter 125, 1916: X.p.162 Material shipped from China - one bale. Sample of material, which consists of bark and portions of outer tissues, is very similar to the bark of Broussonetia papyrifera (the 'paper mulberry'). It appears however not to be quite identical with the latter, but to belong to some other plant closely related to it. Fibre prepared from the material would probably resemble the fibre of the paper mulberry closely.L.A.B. 7.4.16.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042875
modified: 2007-01-08 16:07:12.140000
recordedBy: Parkes, Sir Harry S
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan, Yedo
ScientificName: Broussonetia
scientificNameAuthorship: L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Prepared in Yedo, Japan. Prepared by Iakaya or Okwraya of Yedo. see list in Official Report pages 22, 23. The specimens bearing odd No. (1, 3 etc) have been selected for Kew - except No.41 which is missing - It appears undesirable to cut the specimens - half sheets of specimen No. 52 have been added.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042876
modified: 2017-01-17 17:58:11.730000
recordedBy: William Milne
country: Fiji
countryCode: FJ
locality: Island of Angau, Fiji Islands
ScientificName: Broussonetia
scientificNameAuthorship: L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
occurrenceRemarks:
Entry Book: 4th stage of native cloth (a good specimen). Dyed or printed.  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew,University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016- 2018 www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042880
modified: 2017-07-04 09:57:11.617000
recordedBy: William Milne
country: Fiji
countryCode: FJ
locality: Ovalau Island, Fiji
identifiedBy: Nesbitt, Mark
ScientificName: Hibiscus tiliaceus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Malvaceae
genus: Hibiscus
specificEpithet: tiliaceus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Dyed by soaking in Jaroo swamps/ Taro swamps Previously catalogued as 153.05 MORACEAE Broussonetia papyrifera Vent. (FC 5/7/2017]


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042882
modified: 2019-06-18 11:58:03.470000
recordedBy: William Milne
country: Fiji
countryCode: FJ
locality: Fiji Islands
ScientificName: Broussonetia
scientificNameAuthorship: L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
occurrenceRemarks:
Entry Book: 1st stage of native cloth. The bark is taken from the tree, soaked in water for a short time, and then slightly beaten out. When a portion is thus prepared they go on with the  2nd stage, which makes head pieces for the chiefs. The native name of the cloth is 'Mossee', it is all made by women, and will not stand washing or rain. 2nd stage of native cloth which they call head pieces for the chiefs; not for common men. Exhibited in Plants+People exhibition in Museum No.1, May 1998 to May 2016  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016- 2018 www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042884
modified: 2017-01-17 17:45:06.893000
country: Samoa
countryCode: WS
locality: Western Samoa, Island of Upolu
eventDate: 1844-09-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 01/09/1844
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Strips of bark from which Tapa is made.  Navigator Group  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016-? www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042885
modified: 2019-01-11 16:30:36.667000
country: United States
countryCode: US
locality: Sandwich Islands
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The black cloth was used at the funeral of the King and Queen of the Sandwich Islands, who died in England in 1824, and whose bodies were conveyed back in the Blonde Frigate.  Captain Lord Byron  Stored in 2 boxes


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042887
modified: 2019-01-11 16:33:04.143000
locality: Navigators Group, Island of Upolu
ScientificName: Moraceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Three shells   1. Used for scraping the bark in the 1st stage of tapa cloth manufacture.  2.  Used in second stage.  3. Used to finish tapa board upon which the tapa is scraped and pressed out by shells  Item loaned to Glasgow Universityfor research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016-? www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042888
modified: 2017-01-17 17:46:19.997000
country: Fiji
countryCode: FJ
locality: Fiji Islands
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Generally worn by ladies on festive occasions  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016- 2018 www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042891
modified: 2017-01-17 17:47:26.707000
recordedBy: Donald Rigby Smith
country: Fiji
countryCode: FJ
locality: Fiji Islands
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Miss M Smith, 12 Lichfield Road, Kew, Tapa cloth, matting, cannibal fork, bowl and many other items collected by Mr Smith during 1879 and 1880  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016- 2018 www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042895
recordNumber: 1,2 & 3
modified: 2006-07-24 15:28:06.880000
recordedBy: Parkes, Sir Harry S
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan
ScientificName: Broussonetia × kazinoki
scientificNameAuthorship: Siebold
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: × kazinoki
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Three bundles from Kaji Tree - As freshly cut, as taken from branches and partially prepared for paper making


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042902
modified: 2013-04-04 12:35:13.833000
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Covered, apparently, with the thin epidermis of the sheathing base of the stem of bamboo


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042906
modified: 2019-07-23 10:27:56.747000
locality: Polynesia
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Plants + People exhibition Museum No 1, Kew.  May 1998 to May 2016. Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016- 2018 www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042907
modified: 2017-01-17 17:41:58.037000
recordedBy: William Milne
country: Fiji
countryCode: FJ
locality: Island of Nakaki, Fiji group
ScientificName: Moraceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Made from the wood of Casuarina equisetifolia, used by the women of Nakaki  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016-? www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042912
modified: 2019-07-18 10:31:20.990000
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Fanner of split bamboo and paper used by farmers to select heavy food cereals from light ones. Exhibited in Plants + People exhibition Museum No 1, Kew. May 1998 to May 2016


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042913
modified: 2025-09-15 16:35:34.823000
country: Samoa
countryCode: WS
locality: Samoa
ScientificName: Moraceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Made from the leaves of Pandanus odoratissimus used for printing Tapa cloth. The raised parts or pattern are the midribs of the leaves of the coconut palm The whole is sewn together with coconut fibre.  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016-? www.tapa.gla.ac.uk  - The verso of the object holds the finishing side of the threads.  - Middle of the mid-rib is called Tuaniu and is used to create the raised design.  - This object sits underneath the tapa cloth, which is rubbed lightly with a brush/blotter made from a bundle of tapa, and pigment to create the pattern.  - Still produced in Tonga, but not as common in Samoa.  - There is a Tongan maker of tapa, and of kupesi (the tongan variant) - Uhila Nai.  Notes by Jimmy Ma'ia'i, Pacific Collection Manager - Auckland Museum 


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042914
modified: 2018-12-05 12:37:26.333000
ScientificName: Moraceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Used to print the pattern on Tapa cloth (example of which is included in the collection)  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016-? www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042924
recordNumber: 30
modified: 2017-01-17 17:43:40.603000
recordedBy: Parkes, Sir Harry S
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan
ScientificName: Broussonetia × kazinoki
scientificNameAuthorship: Siebold
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: × kazinoki
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Parkes collection report p.12 No 30  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016-? www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042929
modified: 2006-03-17 15:36:47.243000
recordedBy: Parkes, Sir Harry S
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Used by the upper classes as wall papers, panels etc. The oil is obtained from Perilla ocymoides Report pp.22-23


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042934
modified: 2005-04-06 14:18:40.803000
recordedBy: Parkes, Sir Harry S
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan
ScientificName: Broussonetia
scientificNameAuthorship: L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Sugi-hara-gami, No. 130a.2. Japanese writing Thin-Mino-gami No. 130a. 1. Japanese writing.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042935
country: Thailand
countryCode: TH
locality: Thailand, Chiengmai District
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Recieved as interleaving in herbarium of H.B.G. Garrett sent to Kew after his death in Chiengmai in 1959.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042939
modified: 2019-07-23 10:27:16.787000
locality: Korea
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Corea! Exhibited in  Plants + People exhibition Museum No 1, Kew. May 1998 to May 2016


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042940
modified: 2019-07-23 10:29:08.753000
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Washi - produced for the International Paper Conference 1983. Largely made from Kozu.  Exhibited in Plants + People exhibition in Museum no.1, May 1998 to May 2016


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042942
modified: 2005-03-03 17:42:10.550000
locality: Korea
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Shoes used commonly in Corea by Men, Women, & Children. The shoes are of Hemp and the upper portion is apparently twisted paper prepared from bark. Cleaned, repackaged, conserved by TCC, March 1996 Entry Book: 3 pairs of sandals or shoes


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042946
recordNumber: 51
modified: 1994-08-24 00:00:00
recordedBy: Parkes, Sir Harry S
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan
ScientificName: Broussonetia × kazinoki
scientificNameAuthorship: Siebold
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: × kazinoki
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Paper from bark treated with juice of the 'Persimmon' Diospyros virginiana L. to resist damp. Report p.12 No. 51


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042947
modified: 2019-01-18 16:06:34.430000
country: United States
countryCode: US
locality: Sandwich Islands
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016- 2018 www.tapa.gla.ac.uk Item  1/2 is stored on the top of the B4 shelving; Item 2/2 and is stored in B5 (shelf D1).  One exhibits faded turmeric dye.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042949
country: Burma
countryCode: MM
locality: India - British Burma
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Class paper, stationery, and printing. 3821 H Books (White parabaik) Paper from Ma Holms??? Exhibitor:Local Committee Rangoon.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042953
modified: 2018-12-05 13:04:40.700000
country: Cook Islands
countryCode: CK
locality: Cook Islands
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Measures 12ft by 5ft 6in. Decorated with painted patterns and animals resembling lizards. Re-measured in 2005 as 3.7m x 1.8m (at widest points).  Correspondence with Cook Islands Library and Museum Society 2006: Animals are most likely to be centipedes. The centipede is the totem of the chief Pa Ariki of the Takitumu District of Rarotonga so the tapa may have originated there (PaAriki is one of 5 chiefs of Rarotonga). The centipede totem is still revered by her and her family - it is the symbol of Iro (the great Polynesian ancestor/ explorer, aka Te Whiro (in NZ) and Hiro in Tahiti/ Hilo in Hawaii, who had a centipede-shaped birthmark on his back which would writhe when Iro was angered).  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016- 2018 www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042955
modified: 2019-01-11 15:54:04.053000
recordedBy: Marshall Lieut RN
country: Pitcairn Islands
countryCode: PN
locality: Pitcairn Island
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Made by Peggy Stewart, daughter of Stewart, one of the mutineers of the Bounty, and given by her to Lieut Marshall RN, when he visited Pitcairn Island. Presented by Mrs Heywood  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016- 2018 www.tapa.gla.ac.uk  Housed in same box as 42960


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042959
modified: 2017-01-17 17:51:49.107000
locality: Pacific
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Opuscular source:  Lady Robinson (19 Downdes Square, Sydney) - The tapa is a great curiosity - the piece was made with letters stamped on it.  I gave a tea party to the children of the Southern Isle and one of them presented me with it. Mr Selwyn told meit was really worth having. Dyed and stamped with letters. Label source:  The first piece ever made in the Pacific with letters  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016- 2018 www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042960
modified: 2017-01-17 17:59:15.773000
recordedBy: Jenken Jones Captain (HMS Curacoa)
country: Pitcairn Islands
countryCode: PN
locality: Pitcairn Island
eventDate: 1842-01-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 00/00/1842
ScientificName: Broussonetia
scientificNameAuthorship: L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Made by Mrs Christian and Mrs Young - the only survivors of the original settlers of the Bounty.  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016- 2018 www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042964
modified: 2017-01-17 17:52:10.630000
country: United States
countryCode: US
locality: Sandwich Islands
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source: Kapa or tapa, from the Nauke plant Broussonetia papyrifera. The same article is prepared from all species of Prairis and Neraudia also from the Artica grandis. Sandwich Islands Consul Hillebrand  rec'd - June 27 1862  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016- 2018 www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042965
modified: 2018-12-05 11:09:58.990000
country: United States
countryCode: US
locality: Sandwich Islands
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Adrienne Kaeppler: Kapa moi (sleeping cover)  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016- 2018 www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042966
modified: 2018-12-05 11:10:32.527000
country: United States
countryCode: US
locality: Sandwich Islands
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Tapa from imported Mulberry tree, Honalulu  Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded) Dec 2016- 2018 www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042972
modified: 2006-07-17 17:06:25.280000
country: BU
countryCode: BU
locality: Burma, Rangoon
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  British Burma No 68.  Paper, stationery and printing heading.  Exhibitor  Local Committee, Rangoon.  Medium lengths?


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042973
modified: 2006-07-17 17:12:57.627000
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Examined by Mr Boodle.  Appears to be Paper Mulberry or possibly some other member of Moraceae.  See letter book No 375, 1913, p135


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042984
modified: 2006-11-13 15:11:55.820000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: South India, Nilgiris
ScientificName: Castilla elastica
scientificNameAuthorship: Cerv.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Castilla
specificEpithet: elastica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Letter from Walter Haddon to Director RBG Kew, Dear Sir, As requested in your letter dated 3th inst we send you herewith the sample of Castilloa Rubber. It is of West Coast Africa description, dark rough ball, and is worth about 1/9 per lb. We return you herewith Mr LW Grey's letter. Yours faithfully John Ataddorth. (?) Letter from LW Grey To Dr Morris Kew Gardens (letter difficult to read)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042986
modified: 2007-09-20 15:27:45.423000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Madras, Botanic Gardens Ootacamund
ScientificName: Castilla elastica
scientificNameAuthorship: Cerv.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Castilla
specificEpithet: elastica
occurrenceRemarks:
Note source:  List of yield of rubber and diameter of girth at 4ft from ground. Each piece labelled with a number


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042990
modified: 2006-11-30 15:45:59.017000
country: Belize
countryCode: BZ
locality: British Honduras, Mulinda Estate
ScientificName: Castilla elastica
scientificNameAuthorship: Cerv.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Castilla
specificEpithet: elastica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Value in 1900 2s.9d. to 3s. per lb sample of pure rubber from Castinoa elastica. Grown on Mulinda Estate. Prepared by a special process by the manager of the Estate without the use of any foreign substance such as alkali or any plant juice. The following is a copy  of report by Messes Hecht, Lewis and Kahn.  'The quality of the rubber appears to us to be very good and we should estimate the value to be from 2/9 to 3s per lb according to its dryness.  Jan 24 1901


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042991
modified: 2006-11-29 16:25:03.843000
country: Trinidad and Tobago
countryCode: TT
locality: Trinidad, Botanic Gardens
ScientificName: Castilla elastica
scientificNameAuthorship: Cerv.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Castilla
specificEpithet: elastica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Extract of letter to Director signed JH Hart Bot Dept Trinidad, 'I send you by the mail a specimen of Castilloa rubber made by a machine extemporised on the base of a cream separator. The machine has a centrifugal action carrying small cups. The latex put into these cups are spun for two minutes yield all the rubber on the surface of the fluid, deprived of proteins and albumenoid ligules. The rubber is taken off with a spoon and dried on the porous surface of a ...?... brick. The rubber can be dry in 3 hours from taking the latex from the tree.' Extract of Report on the above from Messes Hecht Lewis and Kahu (?) dated 21 MIncing Lane, 5th March 1898. This sample shows very good quality indeed, pure & dry and such rubber would be worth today at least 3/5 d. per lb, perhaps a little more.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000042995
modified: 2006-11-29 16:27:14.233000
country: Trinidad and Tobago
countryCode: TT
locality: Trinidad
ScientificName: Castilla elastica
scientificNameAuthorship: Cerv.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Castilla
specificEpithet: elastica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Note by Mr Hart - on sample. Dated Trinidad 20.7.98. 'Sample of Castilloa Rubber as last made by machine. We have tried washing the latex with water and the result appears to be a decided improvement in the quality of the material produced. The latex was extracted July 18th 1898 and the rubber made the same day'.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043006
modified: 2005-08-08 11:14:58.883000
country: Trinidad and Tobago
countryCode: TT
locality: Trinidad, Botanic Gardens
ScientificName: Castilla elastica
scientificNameAuthorship: Cerv.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Castilla
specificEpithet: elastica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Rubber taken from the trunk of a tree of Castilloa elastica showing the laticiferous system.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043007
country: Trinidad and Tobago
countryCode: TT
locality: Trinidad
ScientificName: Castilla elastica
scientificNameAuthorship: Cerv.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Castilla
specificEpithet: elastica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  1st Prize Agricultural Show 1905 - Agricultural Society of Trinidad. Section B, sub-section 8, Class 173, Exhibit Rubber not Balata. Name of exhibitor: Capt Short (Tobago). No. of entry 1284.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043010
modified: 2007-01-24 14:10:30.300000
country: Peru
countryCode: PE
locality: Peru
ScientificName: Castilla elastica
scientificNameAuthorship: Cerv.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Castilla
specificEpithet: elastica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Imported from Peru to Para and shipped from thence. Para Opuscular source:  Portion of a slab rec'd. Jan 12.1885 Extract from 'Report on the Trade and Commerce of Para' for the years ending 1879-82 by Consul Green ?. In consular reports 1884 vol. p.2 'From Peru now comes a class of rubber styled Caucho in slabs or sheets of about 4 inches thick and 2 to 3 feet long. It ranks a little higher in value than the coarse quality ie. Ternamby ? and I should estimate that 400 or 500 tons of this quality comes to market every year '.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043012
modified: 2019-01-28 12:57:01.893000
country: Colombia
countryCode: CO
locality: Antioquia, Golfo de Uraba Locality revised 2019
ScientificName: Castilla elastica
scientificNameAuthorship: Cerv.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Castilla
specificEpithet: elastica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Sack waterproofed by Indians in the Darien Country with latex. Label source:  Extract of a letter from Mr Dawe dated Bogota June 14th 1919. 'The specimens go foward in a rubber sack made by the Indians of that region. They buy the materialin the coastal towns or villages and waterproof it in the forests with the latex of Castilloa elastica. The sack may be of interest to you for one of the museums'. Darien Country bordering on the Gulf of Uraba ?


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043014
recordNumber: 665
modified: 2005-07-28 15:38:46.903000
recordedBy: Soward W
country: Ghana
countryCode: GH
locality: Gold Coast, Obuari ?, Ashanti
eventDate: 1914-01-20 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 20/01/1914
ScientificName: Chlorophora excelsa
scientificNameAuthorship: (Welw.) Benth. & Hook.f.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Chlorophora
specificEpithet: excelsa
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Portion of hollow trunk containing a deposit of carbonate of lime due to precipitation from water. Flora of Gold Coast. Specimen resembling fossil wood from the Gold Coast. The specimen is not a block of petrified wood, the chief part of it being merely a deposit of carbonate of lime, formed no doubt in the hollow of the trunk of a tree, as stated on the label, and due to precipitation from water containing the lime in solution. At the periphery the specimem includes portions of the wood which originally bounded the hollow. These are only slightly infiltrated with carbonate of lime, and retain their woody character, though somwhat rotten & shrunken. L.A.B. 3.11.14.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043018
modified: 2005-07-28 15:32:45.257000
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: South America, Bahia
ScientificName: Clarisia racemosa
scientificNameAuthorship: Ruiz & Pav.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Clarisia
specificEpithet: racemosa
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  4 different labels:  From British Consul Bahia, per Foreign Office 20.11.30. Letter M441, 1930, named in Herb. by Mr Dandwith? 20.v.30 The nuts have tough fibrous shells from 0.1 to 0.2 ins thick, forming 46.4% of the entire nut.  The average weight of the nuts was 17.6 grams, and the kernels 9.4 gs.  The kernels contained 18.9 % of moisture and yielded on extraction with light petroleum 1.4 per cent of a solid yellowish brown fat, equivalent to a yield of 1.7% from the moisture free kernels.  Owing to the very low yield of fat they would not be of commercial interest as a source of oil. Extract of letter Imp Inst. 7.7.1930.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043021
modified: 2006-04-10 15:14:28.857000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain
ScientificName: Moraceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Used to dye wool in the cloth factory at Bradford on Avon.  Used for making paths in the neighbourhood Opuscular source:  Dear Mr Jackson,  Enclosed I send you a box of spent fustick which has been used for dyeing wool  in the cloth factory at Bradford on Avon, and of which the garden walks are made in and about the town.  With it I enclose a sprig gathered from a tree growing opposite the Manor House at Beckington near Bath.  Can you tell me what it is?  You see the glands on the leaf stalks.  The people there call it Japanese Cherry. There are two trees of this kind about as large as ordinary apple trees. Yours truly Prior. Prunus pseudo-cerasus Lindl.  -  Native of Japan


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043023
modified: 2019-06-18 11:59:56.107000
country: Tonga
countryCode: TO
locality: Tongatabu
ScientificName: Broussonetia papyrifera
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Broussonetia
specificEpithet: papyrifera
occurrenceRemarks:
King Josiah Tubo (Tupou I) was the first Christian king of Tonga. Label source:  Portion of a piece two miles in length and 120 ft wide, which was made for King Josiah Tubo. Exhibited in Plants+People exhibition in Museum No.1, May 1998 to May 2016 Item loaned to Glasgow University for research and conservation as part of the 'Situating Pacific barkcloth production in time and place' project (Collaboration between RBG Kew, University of Glasgow & Smithsonian. Arts & Humanities Research Council funded)Dec 2016- 2018 www.tapa.gla.ac.uk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043051
recordedBy: Stubbs Jane
country: France
countryCode: FR
locality: Corsica, Sagone
eventDate: 1978-04-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 00/04/1978
ScientificName: Ficus carica
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
specificEpithet: carica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Overwintered inflorescence containing fully devel gall wasps ready to emerge.  From the same twig as profichi fig with same entry number.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043055
modified: 2005-07-27 10:13:58.610000
country: Egypt
countryCode: EG
locality: Egypt
ScientificName: Plantae
kingdom: Plantae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Grown in Egypt.  Sample sent to Messrs Hecht, Levis and Kahn for Report, May 18, 1897.  Report dated 19.5.97:  It is equal in quality to the fine Darjeeling Assam, and if it comes here exactly like this sample, equally strong and pure it would at the present moment sell at 2/6 per lb, and such rubber could be easily sold at any time.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043060
modified: 2010-04-15 16:50:35.440000
recordedBy: Stubbs Jane, RBG Kew
country: Greece
countryCode: GR
locality: Crete, Knossos
eventDate: 1980-04-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 00/04/1980
ScientificName: Moraceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Male fig wasps, Blastophaga psenes preserved in alcohol. Collected from wild figs Ficus carica L.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043075
modified: 2006-10-12 14:57:56.987000
country: Taiwan
countryCode: TW
locality: Formosa
ScientificName: Ficus pumila
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
specificEpithet: pumila
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  They make excellent jelly by squeezing the figs in cold water, afterwards adding sherry, sugar etc.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000000431
recordNumber: 4015
recordedBy: Drummond RB, Hemsley JH
country: Kenya
countryCode: KE
locality: Kenya, Kwale District
eventDate: 1953-08-27 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 27/08/1953
ScientificName: Xylopia holtzii
scientificNameAuthorship: Engl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Annonaceae
genus: Xylopia
specificEpithet: holtzii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Colonial Office East African Expedition: 1953. 20m tree with straight lean bole, slightly buttressed, 15 miles SW of Kwale


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043100
modified: 2006-11-07 13:29:11.453000
country: Fiji
countryCode: FJ
locality: Fiji
ScientificName: Ficus obliqua
scientificNameAuthorship: G.Forst.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
specificEpithet: obliqua
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Valued by Messrs Hecht, Levis and Kahn at about 1/3 to 1/6 per on this day, March 28, 1898


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043115
modified: 2007-01-16 15:03:21.767000
recordedBy: Stubbs Jane
country: France
countryCode: FR
locality: Corsica, Sagone
eventDate: 1978-04-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 00/04/1978
ScientificName: Ficus carica
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
specificEpithet: carica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Profichi fig with flowers ready for for pollination or caprification by the gall wasp. (from the same twig as mamme fig with same entry number)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043118
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Malabar
ScientificName: Plantae
kingdom: Plantae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  From a tree 4 years old Worth 2s 7d or 2s 8d per lb in 1900 Good clear rubber but rather heated and sticky part clear or becoming so Report Hecht, Levis & Kahn  July 17th 1900


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043138
modified: 2006-10-30 15:17:30.780000
country: Nigeria
countryCode: NG
locality: Lagos
ScientificName: Ficus
scientificNameAuthorship: Tourn. ex L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Vulcanised rubber prepared by the India Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Co from milk


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043143
modified: 2006-11-09 12:50:04.563000
ScientificName: Ficus vogelii
scientificNameAuthorship: (Miq.) Miq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
specificEpithet: vogelii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Prepared by Mr A Millson, Badagry, Nos 2 to 5 See report by Mr A Millson on the preparation of these 5 specimens (one missing) Museum Library See also reportby India Rubber, Gutta Percha & Telegraph Works dated 6th July 1888in Directors office


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043158
modified: 2008-10-20 18:28:41.377000
country: Indonesia
countryCode: ID
locality: Java
ScientificName: Ficus gummiflua
scientificNameAuthorship: Miq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
specificEpithet: gummiflua
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Rubber dried at 212 degrees Fah.  See Pharm Journ., 3rd ser., March 15th 1879 p. 758.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043163
modified: 2006-11-06 11:34:57.233000
country: Thailand
countryCode: TH
locality: Thailand
ScientificName: Ficus
scientificNameAuthorship: Tourn. ex L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Siam: A resinous secretion, caused by the puncture of an insect on several species of fig.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043166
modified: 2010-06-29 12:08:10.297000
country: Thailand
countryCode: TH
locality: Thailand
ScientificName: Ficus
scientificNameAuthorship: Tourn. ex L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Siam. A resinous secretion, caused by the puncture of an insect on the branches of several species of Fig.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043172
modified: 2019-03-20 12:29:05.543000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Assam
ScientificName: Ficus
scientificNameAuthorship: Tourn. ex L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The insect is reared only by the Mikirs on a plant called Arhor ??. About 100 pounds are collected annually 3/4 of this quantity is sold at ??? per pound. The remainder is used for dying purple ? and sold to the people of Assam Province. No. E 2568.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043207
modified: 2012-06-26 12:36:47.340000
country: Singapore
countryCode: SG
locality: Singapore
ScientificName: Plantae
kingdom: Plantae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Submitted to Messrs Hecht, Levis and Kahn who report 'well cured, dry and not sticky; present value 2/10 to 3/- per lb' JMH 5.2.02. Herewith I send you a small sample of Gutta Rambong (Ficus elastica) which I obtained from some 5 1/2 year old trees in Malacca a few days ago. I should be extremely obliged if you would get me a commercial valuation. I am particularly interested in this sample, as coagulation was effected by boiling, and also on account of the trees being comparatively young.It is of course quite different in appearance from the ordinary Rambong as mentioned by Mr Derry in his report for 1900. In that report, page 5, he says 'the latex of Ficus elastica coagulates on the tree and collection is made some two or three days afterwards. In the case of the present sample the latex flowed so freely that most of it would have been lost had we not had small tins fastened under the incisions to catch it. I may add that we collected three and a half Imperial pints of latex which eventually gave (including the scrap) 3 1/2 lbs of rubber as per sample. Copy of letter from Mr Walter Fox. Act.Div. Bot.Gard. Singapore To Director RBG Kew. Dated Jan 10th 1902 Received at Kew Feb 3rd 1902.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043208
recordNumber: 303B
recordedBy: WaterhouseJHL
country: Solomon Islands
countryCode: SB
locality: Bougainville, Solomon Islands, Silwai
eventDate: 1930-09-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 00/09/1930
ScientificName: Ficus nodosa
scientificNameAuthorship: Teijsm. & Binn.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
specificEpithet: nodosa
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  A tree with large leaf, bark used for carrying straps with which cohech women carry loads


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043209
modified: 2006-09-18 16:36:24.887000
country: Greece
countryCode: GR
locality: Greece, Xerochorion
ScientificName: Ficus carica
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
specificEpithet: carica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Nicosia, Cyprus See Urticaceae Corer for copy of report by J Gennadine Director of Agriculture Nicosia Cyprus 1902-1903, and letter No 147 1903 JHH Jan 1904


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043214
modified: 2006-08-24 09:46:56.987000
country: Cyprus
countryCode: CY
locality: Cyprus, Larnaca
ScientificName: Ficus
scientificNameAuthorship: Tourn. ex L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Rec Jan 14 1904 I have the pleasure to announce to you that on my arrival here (Nicosia) I found some more Cypriot Oykounttae (Greek ?) which have been sent to me from the village of Larnaca and which I send you by today's mail. As you will see they are very much smaller than those previously sent and are of two kinds two of them containing seeds of pistachio and the other two pieces of walnut. Extract from the letter from P Gennadius


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043225
modified: 2025-03-20 15:51:08.693000
country: South Africa
countryCode: ZA
locality: Natal
ScientificName: Ficus
scientificNameAuthorship: Tourn. ex L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Snuff boxes made of the cocoon of an insect, covered with netted cord made of fibre of Uzi.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043228
ScientificName: Ficus
scientificNameAuthorship: Tourn. ex L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Class IV. Lacs, Pigments, & Dyes. 1. Sovereign CB & Co., B & Co. Lot 1836 @ 3/ shillings ? 2. Indus G W CB & Co., B D & Co. Lot 1596 @ 2/11. 3. Phoenix W.M. 1510 @4/8. 4. Sovereign A C J Lot 1578 @ reference no. 2. 5. Indus of L B D & C 1859 @3/1 etc.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043242
country: BU
countryCode: BU
locality: Upper Burma
ScientificName: Ficus elastica
scientificNameAuthorship: Roxb. ex Hornem.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
specificEpithet: elastica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Many uses - it is the most valuable of Indian forest products. In the raw state. British India.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043253
modified: 2006-09-04 17:39:53.470000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Bengal, Teesta Valley
ScientificName: Plantae
kingdom: Plantae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Yielded by F elastica, a beautiful tree, with shining oval or oblong leaves, frequently met with in ornamental parlour culture in England.  The milk, flowing from a wound in the trunk, affords about 1/3 of its weight of caoutchouc. The incisions made in order to obtain it are cut across the bark to the wood, about a foot from each other, all over the stem.  It is collected in India, especially in Malabar & c.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043254
modified: 2003-07-28 17:05:17.907000
locality: Smyrna
ScientificName: Ficus carica
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
specificEpithet: carica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Used for hanging on branches of trees to fertilise female flowers, the pollen being set free by the escape of a sp of Cynips


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043255
modified: 2006-09-04 17:34:57.570000
country: Uganda
countryCode: UG
locality: Uganda
ScientificName: Ficus natalensis
scientificNameAuthorship: Hochst.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
specificEpithet: natalensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Picture frame with postcard specially taken for the Exhibition of stripping bark from bark cloth tree.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043275
modified: 2005-04-07 12:04:11.353000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Berar
ScientificName: Ficus benghalensis
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
specificEpithet: benghalensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Common in India and celebrated chiefly on account of its mode of extention, by sending down rootlets from the branches to the ground, in which they secure themselves and so extend the tree over a very extensive area.  One tree has been described as large enough to shelter a regiment of cavalry, another as capable of affording shade for 20,000 men.  Banyan trees are produced mostly from seeds left by birds in the crowns of Palm trees, where they vegetate, send down branches to the earth andeventually bury the trunk of the palm in their substance.  Palms, thus growing through the Banyan and appearing above its top, are regarded with reverence by the Hindus.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043290
modified: 2006-07-27 12:27:07.583000
country: Uganda
countryCode: UG
locality: Uganda
ScientificName: Ficus
scientificNameAuthorship: Tourn. ex L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Presented by J Mahon Acting Curator Botanic Gardens Entebbe, Uganda Protectorate I am sending a native bark cloth toga which I hope you may consider worthy a place in the museum. I also send a few fruits of the Ficus from the bark of whichthis cloth is prepared. I had a boy hunting around yesterday but these were all the fruits he succeeded in finding. Several other spp. of Ficus at present are laden with fruit. The natives grow the bark cloth tree from big woody cuttings and in a native garden the well grown trees, look like clean, healthy apple trees. I have never seen the natives wearing this ornamented cloth. Indeed bark-cloth attire as regards the men is falling into desuetude and is the badge of the Mashenji or lowest labouring classes. The women, however, are more or less clothed in it still. They affect large clean whole pieces, which clothes the body from armpits to ankles, the arms being always free. The men wrap huge folds around the trunk of the body, giving their figures frequently a grotesque and invariably an awkward appearance. I hope to send you more bark cloth material soon, such as the tools used in its manufacture, raw cloth, foliage etc.   Extract from letter Mr J Mahon to Director Oct 31 1901


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043292
modified: 2005-06-15 18:14:33.170000
country: Uganda
countryCode: UG
locality: Uganda, Africa, East_Tropical_Africa
ScientificName: Ficus
scientificNameAuthorship: Tourn. ex L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
occurrenceRemarks:
Letter from John Kirk to Director, Nov 4, 1892. Wavertree, Sevenoaks.  Remembering your enquiry about the Uganda bark cloth, a fine specimen of which I gave you for your Museum, I asked Capt Lugard if he was satisfied that the bark cloth used in Nyassa was obtained as he had stated froma species of Ficus.  Capt. Lugard who although an intelligent observer is not a botanist, I therefore questioned him about the tree that yields the bark cloth in order to draw my own conclusions, the result is I think there can be no doubt that the cloth in extensive use in Uganda comes froma Ficus.  The tree is cut in lengths and stuck in the ground in any way, it is used for stockades as it takes root at once, it will grow if put in with the top of the branch in the earth and if bent and both ends placed in the ground both will root.  The trees so planted attain one foot to eighteen inches diameter, the bark of these is stripped off in a sheet, this is hammered by men whose business it is to make bark cloth, the sheet ofbark throught hammering with fluted hammers which gives it the corded appearance is extended enormously in length and width so that a piece such as I gave you comes from a comparatively small tree.  After some years the bark is reproduced and the same tree can be again stripped.  There is another Ficus that yields also a bark cloth but this tree grows large and dies after being stripped.  There seems then to be no connection between the Nyassa bark cloth, the produce of Brachystegia and that of Uganda which is a very superior article in every way and the produce of quite another tree.  I tell you all of this as I had it from Capt Lugard.  John Kirk.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043294
modified: 2006-06-12 12:42:46.500000
recordedBy: Man EH
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Great Nicobar
ScientificName: Ficus brevicuspis
scientificNameAuthorship: Miq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
specificEpithet: brevicuspis
occurrenceRemarks:
Entry Book: 'Ok-ho' (lit. bark of the 'ho' - Bark cloth from Great Nicobar. Made from the bark of Ficus brevicuspis? (Nic-ho). Used for purposes of skirts, wrappers &c.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043305
modified: 2006-10-24 12:28:19.933000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: India, Cuddapah
ScientificName: Ficus tsiela
scientificNameAuthorship: Roxb.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
specificEpithet: tsiela
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Ropes used for tying up or guiding cattle or making nets for carrying grafs (?) It is very strong and durable.  Very small quanities procurable, as the tree though common is not found in large numbers throughout the year. Trade statistics - not in the market. Small quantities are gathered occasionally by the syote (?) for their on use.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043321
modified: 2006-09-18 16:25:45.683000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: India, Simla
ScientificName: Moraceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Specimens of silk cocoons of the common silkworm, Bombyx mori, fed on mulberry leaves, Morus alba L. Season 1918 Various cocoons from french and Chinese eggs and reared in Simla, Chhanga Manga (Punjab) and United Provinces


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043322
country: Australia
countryCode: AU
locality: Victoria
ScientificName: Moraceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Cocoons and silk of the moth, Bombyx mori, fed on the leaves of Maclura aurantiaca Nutt. Mrs Ann Timbrell, Wax Flower Artiste, also Designer and manufacture of ornamental leather work, Silk Farm, Plenty Road, Collingwood


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043323
modified: 2006-10-12 14:52:27.963000
country: Taiwan
countryCode: TW
locality: Formosa, Bankinsing
ScientificName: Morus alba
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Morus
specificEpithet: alba
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Specimen of fibre and cloth made out of root bark of a species of Morus. This cloth is made by the savages in the mountains. They also make very durable game bags out of the same fibre. The native collector has not yet turned up with larger specimen of cloth and with a game bag as requested. A Henry, Mar 6th 1894


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043338
modified: 2006-08-23 17:27:48.833000
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan
ScientificName: Morus alba
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Morus
specificEpithet: alba
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The wood is brownish yellow, hard, and used for turnery and dyeing, etc; the bark is made into paper


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043341
modified: 2016-12-13 10:25:31.123000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Assam, Silsagar
ScientificName: Moraceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Pat silk from silkworms fed on leaves of Mulberry Morus indica L. See Watt, Econ Prod JHH


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043354
modified: 2006-08-18 16:31:32.090000
country: Ghana
countryCode: GH
locality: Gold Coast, Aburi
ScientificName: Ficus adenosperma
scientificNameAuthorship: Miq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
specificEpithet: adenosperma
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Section of an oil palm which a Ficus had completely encircled.  The specimen sent is taken off about 15 ft from the ground.  The Ficus clung to the palm for about 30 ft and then branched off leaving the rosette of palm leaves amongst its lower branches, causing the palm to look as if it had been planted in the trunk of the Ficus.  Mr WH Johnson


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043361
modified: 2006-09-05 10:26:52.820000
country: Thailand
countryCode: TH
locality: Bangkok
ScientificName: Moraceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Chinese or Indian Ink with bamboo pen for writing on native paper made from bark of Streblus asper Lour.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043364
modified: 2006-07-03 16:28:15.410000
country: Thailand
countryCode: TH
locality: Bangkok
ScientificName: Streblus asper
scientificNameAuthorship: Lour.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Streblus
specificEpithet: asper
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Paper - after being placed on the frame to dry.  Book of white paper. Process No 5 Paper after being placed to dry on a frame 6' 1 1/4' x 1' 4'.  Sold at 3d. Book No 1  Price 1/3


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043365
modified: 2006-09-05 10:27:55.950000
country: Thailand
countryCode: TH
locality: Bangkok
ScientificName: Streblus asper
scientificNameAuthorship: Lour.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Streblus
specificEpithet: asper
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Bark blackened with charcoal from the stems of Cassia sp. Sold at 2/- in Bangkok.  Price 2/- for book no.I, and 9d for book no III. (Unfinished)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043387
country: Thailand
countryCode: TH
locality: Bangkok
ScientificName: Streblus asper
scientificNameAuthorship: Lour.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Streblus
specificEpithet: asper
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Black paper of the best kind before being folded and changed into book form & prepared.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043396
modified: 2019-09-05 17:40:40.200000
recordedBy: Spruce, Richard
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Brazil, Amazonas
ScientificName: Ficus
scientificNameAuthorship: Tourn. ex L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Tacae - A shirt worn by the Cubeú Indians, on the Rio Uaupes, a tributary of the Rio Negro and Amazon, at their funeral feasts, when, some weeks after the death of a relative, they assemble to drink, mixed with intoxicating liquor, the ashes of his bones. The body of it is made of White Tururi, the bark of a species of Ficus. The sleeves are of Red Tururi, the bark of a tree of the Bread-fruit family ( Nat. Ord. Artocarpaceae) The fringes are of Sapucaya castanha, a name applied to all large fruited Monkey pots. (Nat. Ord. Lecythidaceae) The black colour is produced by soot, and the red by 'carajuru' (Bignonia chica, Humb.) or Arnotto (Bixa orellana, Linn.)  Source: Spruce, R. (1855) Domestic Uses. Plantae Amazonicae. Domestic uses (pp31-61) and miscellaneous notes, p 15.: Called Tacae by the Cubeú Indians who wore them in their funeral feasts.  The shirt is of Tururí  morotenga and covers head and body as far as hips where its is kept in form by a hoop to which is fastened a fringe 2ftor more long of shreds of fibre of inner bark of Sapucaya castanka ( as the large fruits Leythides are called).  Upwards extends in a  ?í   above the head this generally surmounted by an appendage in the form of an hourglass, 7 or 8 inches long of Tururíona framework of strips of Uarumi.  The common red Tururí is an Artcaipea gathered near San Gabriel and apparently Upper Rio Negro and Uaupés.  In Venezuela it is called Marima.  Source:  Spruce, R (1851-1855).  Journals from Barra to the Orinoco, from Barra to Tarapoto and notes on the uses of Amazon plants and on cryptograms, p76: Amongst Cubeú Indians, when a person dies the funeral is conducted in much the same way as the Taninas, but when the flesh of the corpse is supposed to be decayed which occursin six to twelve months it is disinterred, the bones carefully cleaned and burnt to ashes; in which state they are mingled with [alcoholic beverage] and drunk at a high festival, where figure all the parents and friends of the deceased.  It is on theseoccasions that the shirts of the Tururí are worn and its worthy of remark they are always made new for the ceremony and after its conclusion destroyed.  Two men (nearest relatives of the deceased) wear shirts blackened all over and their proceedings are limited to walking about and making long speeches to each other.  Two others wear shirts of common red Tururí - their function seems to keep guard on the outskirts of the place where the festival is held.  As to next, each acts an impromptu part in a sortofpantomime where the 'dramatic persons'? are supposed to be animals.  Monkeys climb about the house and perform all sorts of perilous antics.  Spiders twine cords in every direction round stakes stuck in the ground.  Butterflies with extended arms float about among other performers.  Those who enact butterflies have butterflies stuck to their shirts and similarly appropriate movements characterise the tapirs etc. 


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043397
modified: 2019-09-05 17:41:07.900000
recordedBy: Spruce, Richard
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Uaupes
ScientificName: Ficus
scientificNameAuthorship: Tourn. ex L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Moraceae
genus: Ficus
occurrenceRemarks:
Source: Spruce, R. (1855) Domestic Uses. Plantae Amazonicae. Domestic uses (pp31-61) and miscellaneous notes, p 15.: Called Tacae by the Cubeú Indians who wore them in their funeral feasts.  The shirt is of Tururí  morotenga and covers head and body as far as hips where its is kept in form by a hoop to which is fastened a fringe 2ft or more long of shreds of fibre of inner bark of Sapucaya castanka ( as the large fruits Leythides are called).  Upwards extends in a  ?í   above the head this generally surmounted by an appendage in the form of an hourglass, 7 or 8 inches long of Tururí  on a framework of strips of Uarumi.  The common red Tururí is an Artcaipea gathered near San Gabriel and apparently Upper Rio Negro and Uaupés.  In Venezuela it is called Marima.  Source:  Spruce, R (1851-1855).  Journals from Barra to the Orinoco, from Barra to Tarapoto and notes on the uses of Amazon plants and on cryptograms, p76: Amongst Cubeú Indians, when a person dies the funeral is conducted in much the same way asthe Taninas, but when the flesh of the corpse is supposed to be decayed which occurs in six to twelve months it is disinterred, the bones carefully cleaned and burnt to ashes; in which state they are mingled with [alcoholic beverage] and drunk at a high festival, where figure all the parents and friends of the deceased.  It is on these occasions that the shirts of the Tururí are worn and its worthy of remark they are always made new for the ceremony and after its conclusion destroyed.  Two men (nearest relatives of the deceased) wear shirts blackened all over and their proceedings are limited to walking about and making long speeches to each other.  Two others wear shirts of common red Tururí - their function seems to keep guard on the outskirts of the place where the festival is held.  As to next, each acts an impromptu part in a sort of pantomime where the 'dramatic persons'? are supposed to be animals.  Monkeys climb about the house and perform all sorts of perilous antics.  Spiders twine cords in every direction round stakes stuck in the ground.  Butterflies with extended arms float about among other performers.  Those who enact butterflies have butterflies stuck to their shirts and similarly appropriate movements characterise the tapirs etc. 


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000004340
modified: 2006-02-16 10:20:16.187000
country: Peru
countryCode: PE
locality: Peru
ScientificName: Swietenia macrophylla
scientificNameAuthorship: King
kingdom: Plantae
family: Meliaceae
genus: Swietenia
specificEpithet: macrophylla
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Sample of Mahogany from Peru. James P. Fraser & Co., 91-93 Bishopsgate E.C.2. I suggest that this may possibly be the wood of Cedrela fissilis, Vell., no specimen under this name is available for comparison.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043402
ScientificName: Cannabis sativa
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Cannabaceae
genus: Cannabis
specificEpithet: sativa
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Report by Ide & Christie - The enclosure you sent is known as China Hemp skins we had a few bales sold at 20/- but did not pay - never was repeated. When prepared intact looks like fine China Grass. Cleaned by Mr Forbes process.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043465
modified: 2010-04-15 14:59:16.667000
ScientificName: Cannabis sativa
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Cannabaceae
genus: Cannabis
specificEpithet: sativa
occurrenceRemarks:
Note source:  No label as to what the item is. Looked at by Robert Clarke (Hemp Society), in 1999, who doubts this item is made from Cannabis sativa as labelled.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043470
modified: 2006-11-09 15:24:58.140000
ScientificName: Humulus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Cannabaceae
genus: Humulus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Life History - The caterpillars of these two moths are always more or less present in hop plantations, and are hurtful  to the extent of their numbers: some years they are abundant. Orgyia pudibunda feeds on several kinds of trees besides hop, especially oak & birch. The caterpillars may be found from June to the middle of August, when each spins a few leaves together and changes to a chrysalis, the moths coming out the following May. O.antiqua is a very general feeder, and besides hop, is at times very hurtful to fruit trees. The female is nearly wingless, and lays its eggs on the outside of the cocoon from which it emerges, and then dies. These eggs do not all hatch at once, but a few come out at intervals extending over a period of 10 weeks, so that the insect is found in all stages throughout the summer. The cocoons are usually spun on palings or on the trunks of trees. The damage they do to the plants is caused by pieces being out of the leaves. Prevention and Remedies: as both caterpillars and moths are conspicuous objects, the former may easily be seen and picked off, or shaken down and destroyed, and the moths may be found in the morning freshly emerged and drying their wings. The cocoons of O. antiqua are readily seen, and may becollected by children and destroyed; many of those of pudibunda may be destroyed by raking up winter leaves and rubbish and burning. Various stages in the life cycle are shown.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043471
modified: 2010-07-02 10:39:12.183000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Sussex, Northam
ScientificName: Humulus lupulus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Cannabaceae
genus: Humulus
specificEpithet: lupulus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Grown at Northam. Fine sample. 1893 Aug 25 Some of these are perfect specimens of branches of Old Jones hops. Others are abnormal specimens - such as leaves & branches growing out of the cones - and rarely to be found - especially the conewith the long branch.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043477
ScientificName: Humulus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Cannabaceae
genus: Humulus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Sample of 'MM' seed. Apparently Humulus sp L.A.B. 13.11.26 Reply to Director 15.XI.26. No information as to origin.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043493
modified: 2006-11-28 16:43:18.847000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Surrey, Kew Botanic Gardens
ScientificName: Eucommia ulmoides
scientificNameAuthorship: Oliv.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Eucommiaceae
genus: Eucommia
specificEpithet: ulmoides
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  (Letter 437, 1919 : xiii.p. 97.) Gutta Percha Company (Branch of the Telegraph Construction & Maintenance Co. Ltd.) Wharf Road, City Road, London, N.1 24th Nov. 1919. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Sir, I have pleasure in sending herewith a piece of the gum extracted from Eucommia ulmoides branches and twigs of which you so kindly gave me on the 30th ult. The gum is present in the twigs, taken as a whole, to the extent of 1.14% and in the bark or skin of the branches it amounts to 0.87%. I also  send a sample of the bark from a tree grown in China, which may be of interest to you. I shall feel extremely obliged if you will be good enough to inform me of the probable age of such a tree. Thanking you for your attention in this matter. Signed H.J.Garnett.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043500
modified: 2006-07-03 15:40:11.543000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Andaman Islands
ScientificName: Celtis
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Cannabaceae
genus: Celtis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Resin obtained from a large tree (Celtis or Gironniera) of that name which is used in making Ka-ngata-buj.  See 62 viz.  Red wax generally prepared by men; composed of resin (No 55) wax of the white honey comb and red oxide of iron. Used for the string fastenings of fish and pig arrows.  They are protected with a coating of this wax; and it is applied ornamentally to the food trays and the outside of buckets.  It is also used for closing small cracks in buckets and canoes.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043502
modified: 2006-07-03 15:25:02.957000
country: Indonesia
countryCode: ID
locality: Sumatra
ScientificName: Plantae
kingdom: Plantae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  This specimen was received from Dr Schuchardt as Saprosma foetidum Bl. but acccording to Dr Greshoff of the Colonial Museum, Haarlem who originally forwarded the specimens to Dr Schuchardt.. Collected on the Thousand Islands


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043508
modified: 2016-03-03 11:15:01.363000
recordedBy: Man EH
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Great Nicobar
ScientificName: Celtis
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Cannabaceae
genus: Celtis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Made by a native of Great Nicobar from the bark of the Lanôp tree. Cloth is called Ok-hô Entry Book: Coat made of the bark of the Sestus or Cestus tree (Artocarpus sp.) by a native of the Nicobar Islands in imitation of the English style.The tree which is called 'Lanôp' flouristus especially at Great and Little Nicobar which are the Southernmost Islands of that group and the natives of which alone prepare it, the cloth is called Ok-hô. (Note added later: This is apparently not an Artocarpus but a species of Celtis perhaps vestimentaria JRJ. 08/07/1892 


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043509
modified: 2008-01-24 12:06:28.190000
recordedBy: Man EH
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Great Nicobar
ScientificName: Celtis
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Cannabaceae
genus: Celtis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Worn as a skirt by the native women during the mourning period. Many of the women wear it regularly when unable to procure cotton cloth from their coast neighbours. The cloth is obtained after some hours labour spent in soaking a large strip of the bark in a stream and beating it on both sides with a suitable smooth round stone till the pulpy substance has been removed, after which it is dried in the sun. A sample is herewith sent - In his remarks on the flora of the Nicobar Isls. Mr Diedrichsen wrote as follows; Finally the coral land is interrupted occasionally by rocks projecting into the reef, which is inundated during floodtide. Here the elevated seabeach does not exist; and the almost bare rocks are characterised by a very common Casuarina and also a Callicarpa and a Sponia / Celtis vestimentaria. See selection from the records of the Govt of India, Home Dept No lxxvii. 1870 Papers realting to the Nicobar Islands p 189. EH Man, Dept Supt. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Port Blair. Entry Book: Sample of 'Ok-hô', cloth prepared from the bark of (the Lanôp tree) Celtis vestimentaria Kamphövener by the inland tribe (known by the name of the Shom Pen) of great Nicobar.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043513
modified: 2006-05-18 11:51:54.410000
country: France
countryCode: FR
locality: France, Perpignan
ScientificName: Celtis australis
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Cannabaceae
genus: Celtis
specificEpithet: australis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  These handles are used throughout France and as they are chiefly made at Pergignan, they are called Perpignans.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043514
modified: 2018-01-11 11:02:57.853000
country: France
countryCode: FR
locality: France
ScientificName: Celtis australis
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Cannabaceae
genus: Celtis
specificEpithet: australis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Used at Montpellier, in the ancient game of Jeu de Mail. The handle is made of the wood of Celtis, and the head of Quercus ilex L.  The ball is of the root of the Box tree. Part of Plants + People exhibition Museum No 1, Kew. May 1998 to May 2016


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043518
modified: 2006-05-18 11:26:15.420000
ScientificName: Plantae
kingdom: Plantae
occurrenceRemarks:
Opuscular source:  Letter from Routledge, 28 Dec. 1876 My Dear Sir,  Thanks for your kind thought for me but do not send any more stems.I have one analysis of the Sponia bark, containing tannin - Outer bark 0. 82%, 2nd layer - 0.82%, Inner bark 2.16%. Ittherefore hardly pays to cultivate for tanning purposes, nor for papermaking.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043538
modified: 2006-05-19 15:49:12.657000
ScientificName: Ulmus fulva
scientificNameAuthorship: Michx.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ulmaceae
genus: Ulmus
specificEpithet: fulva
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The bark appears to be very similar to a specimen in the Museum labelled 'Slippery Elm Bark' Ulmus fulva. The most characteristic similarity is the presence in it of large mucilage cells, and abundant crystals. There are, however, some differences which may be due to differences in the age of the two specimens, or they may be different species. In any case I think it is possible that they are closely related C.R.M. 23.11.32 It is not the bark of Ulmus campestris C.R.M. 29.11.32


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043554
modified: 2007-09-05 11:53:05.297000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain
ScientificName: Ulmus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Ulmaceae
genus: Ulmus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  R Groom sons & Co Ltd, timber merchant and woodware manufacturers, Wellington, Shropshire


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043568
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Surrey, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  From plants grown at Kew. Prepared by the MacDonald Machine. Dec., 1896. Without ???? 2.5 - 8 oz.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043571
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Surrey, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Filasse produced by the Gomess process from China Grass, from the stems grown at Kew, prepared by the Radclyffe Barrows Machine


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043574
modified: 2006-05-22 10:53:57.600000
country: Jamaica
countryCode: JM
locality: Jamaica
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  China grass or Ramie. The plant has been successfully cultivated for many years for experimental purposes in Jamaica, but no fibre has as yet been exported owing to the difficulty of extracting it. The small quantity now sent was extractedby machine & steeped in water. It could be grown to any extent on irrigated and other lands.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043576
modified: 2006-05-22 10:55:25.743000
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China
ScientificName: Boehmeria
scientificNameAuthorship: Jacq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Ramie yarn spun on Common Woollen Mill Spinning Frame, from Fibre imported from China, by Chas Toppan, Esq., Salem, U.S.A. No.9


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043577
modified: 2006-05-22 11:55:23.337000
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China
ScientificName: Boehmeria
scientificNameAuthorship: Jacq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Ramie yarn from fibre imported from China, dyed with Cotton Dye, by Chas Toppan Esq. Salem, U.S.A. No.11


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043579
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Ramie or China Grass See Letter 226, 1918:xii.p.103 Known commercially as China Grass (extract from letter D Pirie Co Dundee).


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043581
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Cleaned (degummed) and bleached by the Forbes process. 175.1895. Griswold & Gillett, Dealers in Investment Securities. London 4 Moorgate St. E.C. New York, 5 Wall St.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043583
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Illustrating process of degumming and decorticating in the open air. Section of Ramie stem grown at Kew. Ramie decorticated & degummed in the same bath, by the Hart process. The cortex or bark of the Ramie stem showing the inner fibrous layer. Ramie decorticated and degummed in the same bath, by the Hart Process.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043584
modified: 2007-03-16 16:36:42.040000
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  China grass fibre cleaned (degummed)  & bleached by Mrs Forbes. Forbes Fibre Co, Office & Works, Washington & Morgan Streets, Jersey City, N. J. U.S.A. 110.1895


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043589
modified: 2006-06-29 17:20:05.903000
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  No. 50 Lea Yarn of Ceylon Fibre. Spun by Hives & Atkinson. Prepared by Dickson's Patent for machines and liquid. Leeds. No.4 part of No.2 after having ??? thro' Dicksons self cleaning spring Hackleing machine it is worth 60 pounds sterlingper ton.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043590
modified: 2006-05-09 17:26:07.500000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Surrey, Royal Botanic Gardens
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Decorticated and prepared from stems grown at Kew, by M Subra machine Hastings House, 10 Norfolk Street W.C. A portion of 16.5 ozs.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043592
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China, Wenchow
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Filasse produced by the Gomes Process from China Grass Fibre. (Ribbons.) From fibre prepared by the fame machine (Barraclough).


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043593
modified: 2006-05-09 17:16:16.987000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Kew Gardens
ScientificName: Boehmeria
scientificNameAuthorship: Jacq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Cleaned by Wallaces Machine.  Three bundles: Stem partially cleaned and put through once in my presence.  Cleaned by Wallace machine - retted and put through once.  Stems retted and passed twice through machine.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000004360
modified: 2005-08-08 16:15:57.610000
country: Peru
countryCode: PE
locality: Peru
identifiedBy: Prof. Record
ScientificName: Swietenia macrophylla
scientificNameAuthorship: King
kingdom: Plantae
family: Meliaceae
genus: Swietenia
specificEpithet: macrophylla
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Peruvian mahogany Imp. Inst. M583.25. Sent for verification as true mahogany. Mr Boodle has examined the small sample of Peruvian mahogany supplied by Mr Fraser. It agrees with the wood of Swietenia in microscopic structure and is probably from a species of that genus. (note from the letter book 20.7.29.)  J.H.H. 14.viii.30.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043612
modified: 2007-08-31 11:59:41.627000
ScientificName: Boehmeria
scientificNameAuthorship: Jacq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Prepared by Prof Wohle, demonstration of process attended by Mr Hillier.  The cell walls of the individual fibres appear to be in good condition and show no injuries due to treatment except for bruises such as are seen in fibres which have been passed between rollers or beaten out. Letter 554,1910


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043614
modified: 2007-03-19 16:20:39.153000
ScientificName: Boehmeria
scientificNameAuthorship: Jacq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Manufactured in England.  Chas. Butters & Co, Copel House, 54 New Bond St, The gumminess has been overcome and many firms are capable of making the cloth, but so far I only know of 2 firms who are spinning,  (Extract from Hogg's letter to Capt Hill (25th Feb, 1919) Letters 441 -1918,448 -1918


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043615
modified: 2007-03-19 10:34:40.197000
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea var. tenacissima
scientificNameAuthorship: (Roxb.) Miq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
infraspecificEpithet: tenacissima
taxonRank: Variety
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Prepared by Glenrock Co., Madras and cleaned by Messrs. Death & Ellwood's machine, washed with common country soap


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043616
modified: 2019-06-18 11:55:16.900000
locality: Barcelona
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea var. tenacissima
scientificNameAuthorship: (Roxb.) Miq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
infraspecificEpithet: tenacissima
taxonRank: Variety
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Ramie fibre from Messrs Ide & Christie obtained from Consul Wooldridge Plants + People exhibition Museum No 1, Kew.  May 1998 to May 2016.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043618
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea var. tenacissima
scientificNameAuthorship: (Roxb.) Miq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
infraspecificEpithet: tenacissima
taxonRank: Variety
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Made by Dicksons Patent, this has been washed and is the most common sort. I will send some like silk next week


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043621
modified: 2010-05-12 16:15:41.247000
recordedBy: Andrews G
ScientificName: Boehmeria
scientificNameAuthorship: Jacq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Collected and prepared by Mr G Andrews Opuscular source:  26th July 1873 - letter - Dear Sir, Referring to the subject of my letter per Mr F Moon of the 24th instant intimating the dispatch to your address of a packet of the Rhea stems andstating the reasons which have combined to make the present supply so much smaller than anticipated, I take this opportunity of mentioning that the plants already purchased were grown near Mirames in the South of France and that independently of their having been cut too soon in order to make way for the next crop they must not be regarded as good example of the Rhea when properly grown - in as much as they display a great tendency to branching - a defect which would interfere with the production of fibre of any length. The plants sent show the character of the stem in its fresh state and will help to indicate the nature of the operations required to separate this fibre from the stem and bark in that condition. With regard to the question of the extraction of the fibre from the Rhea I would mention that recent experiments would seem to lead to the conclusion that a serviceable fibre can be prepared from the dried stems of the plant. The fibre prepared as in China from the green stems would be likely to fetch a better price than that from the dried stems, and a machine to operate upon the fresh plant would supply a disideratum even supposing the fibre should be successful prepared from the dried plant. I enclose a small sample of the fibre as prepared inChina by hand, and which shows the state in which as an article of import it is acceptable to the manufacture here, and I would mention the fact that - probably already known to you - it is for most purposes at present considered in expedient to carry the manipulation of the fibre, in the first instance, beyond the point which ensures its separation from the stem and its outer bark and leaves it in a state similar to that shown by the enclosed sample - believe me - yours faithfully Mr Forbes Watson


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043627
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea var. tenacissima
scientificNameAuthorship: (Roxb.) Miq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
infraspecificEpithet: tenacissima
taxonRank: Variety
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Sample of Rhea fibre preparedby Mr Little from the ribbons or bark by soaking in a special solution and afterwards scraping or brushing


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043628
modified: 2013-09-13 11:08:02.623000
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: Kungchow (now Qiongshan)
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea var. tenacissima
scientificNameAuthorship: (Roxb.) Miq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
infraspecificEpithet: tenacissima
taxonRank: Variety
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  No 13 (a) A stick of Hwang ma (local wiumura) presumed to be ordinary hemp (b) its products in various stages when green called ts'ing ma (local shae mwa) (c) The web manufactured from it. (a) (b) & (c) all nothing to with the pineapple


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043633
modified: 2007-07-18 11:47:50.787000
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea var. tenacissima
scientificNameAuthorship: (Roxb.) Miq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
infraspecificEpithet: tenacissima
taxonRank: Variety
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  In different stages of preparation Opuscular source:  To the Reporter on the Products of India, India Office   Dear Sir, I have been favoured with your several communications the last under the date of 26th July last (next part badly faded) 1.This same sample of Green Rhea after having passed through the process in question. In connection with this sample my friend remarks that the green plant arrived in a greatly pattern condition. The stick being cut in three parts and that whatever could  be saved he succeeded in saving with great trouble. Hence and owing to the great tendency of branching the fibre obtained could neither be long or the filament be great. Sample 2 represents fine and bleached threads to show the condition of the thread generally. Mr Deinigen (?) observes that according to the structure of the plants the fibres of the sample cannot all be of the length of the plant. There are always more or less short fibres in the branchings and these are presented under this head. Sample 3 is obtained from Rhea in a dry state and shows the fibre in the original length of the plant. The operative in this instance has not been carried beyond the point of separating the fibre from the stem and from its outer bark. If I am rightly informedthe prize formally offered by the Govt.of India was for a proper preparation of Rhea 50 pounds per ton in which amount was included the cost of the plant itself 30 pounds per ton, if so the problem has been solved by my friend. Mr D. will undertake to prepare Rhea according to the accompying samples as follows: cost of chemicals, ..?.. per ton 3/13/6 drying, cleansing etc 1/10-, cost of Rhea 30 pounds = 35/3/6- or 14/16/6- per ton below the minimum sum stipulated  by the Indian Govt.  In conclusion I beg to state that Mr D. is prepared to have an apparatus constructed in this country to show its operation and to treat through my medium for the sale of the patent which I shall have the pleasure in explaining more fully when ever desired. If I solicit the favour of an early reply it is only on Mr D. representation that the eventuality of having an apparatus constructed in England would obviate the necessity of doing so now for the acclimatisation herein, and the 'textil industrie' of Berlin both of which societies pressing for the speedy exposition of an apparatus in their own interest. I have honour to be Sir your obedient servant L Heizbeig


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043637
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea var. tenacissima
scientificNameAuthorship: (Roxb.) Miq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
infraspecificEpithet: tenacissima
taxonRank: Variety
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Instructions on how to display the sample The white material is bleached, the yellow shades are not bleached


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043638
modified: 2010-05-12 17:44:22.090000
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  No 1 Ordinary brown Ramie ribbon as imported for which there is little or no demand.  No 2 is No 1 treated by our process and dried without any machinery or chemicals.  No 3 is No 2 carded roughly in a flock carder or garnet ready for spinning.  No 4 is No 3 washed bleached and dressed ready for spinning


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043639
country: France
countryCode: FR
locality: France
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Toile pour chemise, Coutil, Linge de table ecru, Etoffe pour Voiture, Linge pour Toilette, Toile pour Trap de lit, Toile pour couroies, linge de table blanc,


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043640
country: France
countryCode: FR
locality: France
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea var. tenacissima
scientificNameAuthorship: (Roxb.) Miq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
infraspecificEpithet: tenacissima
taxonRank: Variety
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  In different stages of preparation by the process of Mr JBlaye, Levallois & Perret France


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043643
country: France
countryCode: FR
locality: Paris
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea var. tenacissima
scientificNameAuthorship: (Roxb.) Miq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
infraspecificEpithet: tenacissima
taxonRank: Variety
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Peluche, Etoffe pour robes, Etoffe pour ameublement, Etoffe pour Robes, Etoffe pour robes, Coutil et Etoffe pour voitures


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043647
modified: 2025-09-12 11:42:31.947000
country: Switzerland
countryCode: CH
locality: Switzerland, Wohlen
ScientificName: Boehmeria
scientificNameAuthorship: Jacq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Undyed - hard finish dyed - soft, finished, gummed and steamed.  2 lengths, one white, one red.  54cm x 3.5cm, White ramie. 4 plait each element c. 2.5cm, folded in half. One edge soft, one more pronounced with kink which gives “zig-zag” edge.   38 (plaited) + 38(ends) x 3cm soft red strips (brighter colour in some places) 1cm elements: 7 plait.  Label EBN: 173.1898  China grass plait or ramie, undyed, hard finished. Plait from China grass or ramie, so finishes, gummed and seamed. Mabberly. Boehmeria – tropical/ N sub. Trop. B. Rivea – China grass – trop. As. Cult. In Med + Calit.  Notes by Ruth Stungo. Transcribed by CJ.   


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043649
modified: 2011-03-29 10:05:46.197000
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Sample of degummed (not bleached) china grass ribbons - Sample from Wigglesworth & Co, 70 pounds per ton. Also sample, grown in Wagenngu Geldesland Holland, not bleached - AH Bailey C. E.   Five pages of information about the importance of rhea fibre, with sample. includes information on characteristics of fibre, locality in India and preparation of fibre and sources of further literature.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043650
ScientificName: Boehmeria
scientificNameAuthorship: Jacq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Ramie fibre cleaned by a machine invented by Mr G Knowles, Hull Rope Works co Southcotes, Hull Recd Feb 14/90


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043652
modified: 2005-07-06 10:04:38.993000
country: France
countryCode: FR
locality: France
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea var. tenacissima
scientificNameAuthorship: (Roxb.) Miq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
infraspecificEpithet: tenacissima
taxonRank: Variety
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  1. Apres le bain Chiniguer, 2. Blanc passe a la Teilleuse avant le bain. Opuscular source:  Rapport de M Charles Riviere, Directeur du Jardin d'Essai d'Alger sur le procede J Blaye pour le decortication et la desagregation de la ramie et autres textiles.  Journal de l'Algerie (Numero du 8 Fevrier 1892)  Directors Office


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043656
modified: 2022-12-13 14:42:14.443000
country: Taiwan
countryCode: TW
locality: Formosa
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
occurrenceRemarks:
Part of Plants + People exhibition Museum No 1, Kew. May 1998 to May 2016  Undyed piece of cloth is approx. 4 yards  Dyed piece of cloth is approx. 6 yards


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043679
modified: 2019-09-05 17:41:55.330000
recordedBy: Spruce, Richard
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Brazil
ScientificName: Cecropia peltata
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Cecropia
specificEpithet: peltata
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Used by the Indians of Sao Gabriel, Brazil in their Dabocuris or Festas.  These drums are hollowed out by means of fire and the lower ends closed with fresh leaves beaten hard with a pestle.  The performers in the dances beat them on the ground in unison with the movements of their feet.  Source:  Spruce, R (1851-1855) Journal entry for 17-18 April 1851.  Journals from Barra to the Orinoco, from Barra to Tarapoto and notes on the uses of Amazon plants and on cryptograms, p 52. : Ambuaba, or drum, made of the trunk of Cecropia peltata; those of the men were about 3 feet long and 5 inches in diameter; the diameter of the bore being about 4 inches; those of the boys were smaller.  They had been bored by means of fire, and the lowerend closed with leaves beat down with a pestle.  Two oblong holes were cut near each other adjacent to upper end at tube, by which it was held, the thumb being inserted into one hole and the fingers into the other.  The lower end for the breadth of a few inches was painted black and about the space of a foot near middle was painted with fantastic devices to taste of fabricator.  At length they appeared in a file, beating the ground with their drums and formed themselves in a ring still drumming away.  Photographed and catalogued in November 2016 as part of the Musical Instrument Interface for Museums and Collections (MINIM-UK) project, Royal College of Music, www.minim-uk.org 


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043686
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China, Wenchow
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea var. tenacissima
scientificNameAuthorship: (Roxb.) Miq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
infraspecificEpithet: tenacissima
taxonRank: Variety
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  This is not very well prepared, being hard and of low colour. As it is we value it @ 28 to 29 pounds sterling per ton today in London. Ide & Christie May 22.1891.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043696
modified: 2012-05-15 14:47:33.483000
country: BU
countryCode: BU
locality: Burma, Tenasserim
ScientificName: Boehmeria malabarica
scientificNameAuthorship: Wedd.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: malabarica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  India. Paris Exhib Form no. 3. Class I, Division e, Section 2. Tenasserim Circle, Lower Burma.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043697
modified: 2025-09-16 10:01:12.197000
country: Samoa
countryCode: WS
locality: Samoa
ScientificName: Cypholophus macrocephalus
scientificNameAuthorship: (Blume) Wedd.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Cypholophus
specificEpithet: macrocephalus
occurrenceRemarks:
- This was only really worn by important women; after the woman gets married, they would lay this garment down for the nuptial ceremony after marriage.  - The string-like quality is where the fibre is partially pulled up through the weave.  - There is a maker from Tonga (Teni Asaeli) who makes these garments.  - Weavers show the time it takes to make in stages, where there are different sized patches which indicate different periods of weaving (showing the start/stop nature of the process).  Notes by Jimmy Ma'ia'i, Pacific Collection Manager - Auckland Museum 


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043698
modified: 2010-03-23 12:28:09.357000
country: Algeria
countryCode: DZ
locality: Algeria
ScientificName: Boehmeria nivea
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Gaudich.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Boehmeria
specificEpithet: nivea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Stems as imported from Algeria. Label source:  Stems from Guernsey, 1877. S. Elliott Hoskins, Esq.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043700
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Nilgiri, Ootacmund Govt Botanic Garden
ScientificName: Plantae
kingdom: Plantae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The ribbons (i.e. the crude bark containing fibre) of the 'Nilgiri Nettle'. Feb. 1904.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043703
country: Kenya
countryCode: KE
locality: Kenya
ScientificName: Laportea alatipes
scientificNameAuthorship: Hook.f.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Laportea
specificEpithet: alatipes
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  H 11693/24 Fibre derived from the plant L alatipes Hook.f. Recd. from F O L Butler, Dept Agric, Emba, Kenya Colony. Specimen in Herbarium 14.11.24. Assistant Director informed by Mr Hillier 21.XI.24 this fibre in its present condition of no commercial value.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043711
modified: 2007-05-16 12:44:56.500000
country: United States
countryCode: US
locality: Sandwich Islands
ScientificName: Elatostema
scientificNameAuthorship: J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Elatostema
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  It is considered to be the strongest fibre in the Sandwich Islands. Rec'd. June 30.1862 Hona or Mona, the product of a species of Elatostemma, the strongest of all fibre yielded by any of our plants. The natives use it extensively for their fishing nets on account of its strength and durability. The enclosed twine is a specimen of fishing net cord.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043713
modified: 2007-04-30 12:31:32.780000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Nilgiris, Govt Bot Gard, Ootacamund
ScientificName: Plantae
kingdom: Plantae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Fibre obtained from the ribbons of the Nilgiri Nettle after being boiled with wood ashes for 3 hours.  Twine made of the fibre from Govt BotanicGardens.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043725
modified: 2009-10-26 15:16:10.830000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Kumaon
ScientificName: Maoutia puya
scientificNameAuthorship: (Hook.) Wedd.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Maoutia
specificEpithet: puya
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Report on Pooah fibre - vol 6 1848, Agri Hort Soc, Calcutta old series. The pooah fibre of Nepal and Sikkim brought to notice of Dr Campbell, Supt of Darjeeling  by Sargeant Crutchen a  worker in leather who considered  it equal to Russian hemp for boot and saddle work. Uses.  Fishing lines, game bags, twine, rope, sailcloth, sacs may be prepared on a large scale at 4/- etc.  I can add that fibre withstands water well. (Label ripped down side- only partly legible.)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000004373
modified: 2007-07-19 12:33:15.400000
country: Belize
countryCode: BZ
locality: Belize
ScientificName: Swietenia mahagoni
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Jacq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Meliaceae
genus: Swietenia
specificEpithet: mahagoni
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Shipped squared in the past; of late years, for the market of the USA it has been left in the round. Its durability and the fact that it takes a high polish makes it suitable for all kinds of furniture, interior decoration, blinds, sashes and the like. Hardens and darkens with age. Used in the Colony in house and boat building, furniture, blinds and sash making. If interested write  The Secretary, Br. Honduras Chamber of Commerce.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043732
modified: 2007-01-18 14:49:33.873000
country: Australia
countryCode: AU
locality: Australia, Queensland
ScientificName: Pipturus argenteus
scientificNameAuthorship: (G.Forst.) Wedd.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Pipturus
specificEpithet: argenteus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  A tall shrub sometimes growing into a tree of 50 ft high.  Bark yields a valuable dye of a rich brown colour, also a fibre of very fine texture, suitable for textile, fabrics etc.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043746
modified: 2024-03-08 08:12:51.360000
country: Canada
countryCode: CA
locality: Canada, British Columbia, Alert Bay
eventDate: 1899-11-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 00/11/1899
ScientificName: Urtica lyallii
scientificNameAuthorship: S.Watson
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Urtica
specificEpithet: lyallii
occurrenceRemarks:
The fibre of the nettle plant is called Gwan, the raw fibre newly stripped is called Xwichia, and the oolichan net made of the fibre is called Takatl in the Kwakwala language. Made by the Kwakwaka'wakw (Kwakiutl) people of Hope Island. Newcombe was paid $10.00 for this item in 1900.  Removed the number of components, was originally '2 boxes' [08/03/2024 TvE]


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043747
modified: 2007-06-27 16:52:45.810000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: England
ScientificName: Urtica
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Urtica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Grown and made in England 1899-1900. The Ramie Syndicate, Decorticators, Bleachers and Spinners of Ramie, Hythe End Mills, Staines, Middx.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043748
modified: 2003-07-28 17:13:10.580000
ScientificName: Urtica
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Urtica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Woody part of stem left over after removal of bast fibre. This might be used for making inferior paper Kew 1943


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043749
modified: 2010-03-15 14:19:08.670000
country: South Africa
countryCode: ZA
locality: Transvaal, Zoutpansbarg District
ScientificName: Urticaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Sample of fibre grown in the Zoutpansberg district of the Transvaal (6.6.10) I have compared  the sample with a specimen of the fibre of Asclepias physocarpa. It does not appear to be the same as this, nor do I think it likely to be one ofthe Asclepiadaceae, Moraceae is perhaps more probable L.A.B. 22.i.12. Chewed by native to make pliable and plaited. Sample of fibre and stem grown in Lydenburg district Transvaal


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043754
ScientificName: Urticaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Formic acid, this acid is found in ants, nettle stings etc. and is the cause of the irritation upon touching the plants


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043755
ScientificName: Urticaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Flax refuse is the ultimate waste of the scutching Mill, which is burnt and destroyed being considered useless


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043756
modified: 2010-02-19 17:06:53.677000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Surrey, Royal Botanic Gardens
ScientificName: Urtica
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Urtica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Nettle fibre :A. Drawing frame sliver. B. Double yarn. C. Spun cotton counts. Prepared from Kew plants by Messrs. Platt Bros & Co. Oldham.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043757
modified: 2010-02-19 17:07:31.887000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Surrey, Royal Botanic Gardens
ScientificName: Urtica
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Urticaceae
genus: Urtica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  A. Waste after opening. B. Intermediate frame sliver. C. First passage of cleaning. D. Second passage of cleaning. E. Third passage of cleaning. Prepared from Kew plants by Messrs. Platt Bros & Co. Oldham.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000004376
modified: 2016-07-25 16:08:10.727000
locality: West Indies
ScientificName: Swietenia mahagoni
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Jacq.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Meliaceae
genus: Swietenia
specificEpithet: mahagoni
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Dried by Newton's Patent dessicating process. Time required to season, 17 day Weight lost during process, 18 1/2 per cent.  A scanned image of the wood was included in the appendix of: Adam Bowett (2012) Woods in British Furniture-Making, 1400-1900: An Illustrated Historical Dictionary. Kew, Eng.: Oblong Creative Ltd. in association with Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2012. xxxiii + 360 pp  In 2009 Campbell Norman-Smith of Buckinghamshire New University sanded and cleaned the reverse side of the sample (the side to be scanned), then coated the right hand side of this surface with 2 coats of superfine white shellac and isopropynol alcohol whilst the left hand side was left unvarnished.   


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043763
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China, Szechuen
ScientificName: Buxus sempervirens
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Buxaceae
genus: Buxus
specificEpithet: sempervirens
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Chiefly used in China for cutting stamps for private seals. Boxwood, huang yang mu is obtained from Szechuen, but only in small pieces which are mainly used for cutting the stamps used for private seals on letters and documents. It is a slow growing tree. Chinese writing on wood.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043767
modified: 2016-12-15 13:20:07.723000
ScientificName: Buxus sempervirens
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Buxaceae
genus: Buxus
specificEpithet: sempervirens
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Used in Oxfordshire in the manufacture of pillow lace.  Displayed in 'Kew in the city' at Wizadry in Wood, Carpenters' Hall, Trogmorton Avenue, London EC2N 2JJ, Oct 12-15, 2016 (curated collection of wooden objects and rare timbers from EBC)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043770
locality: Europe
ScientificName: Buxus sempervirens
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Buxaceae
genus: Buxus
specificEpithet: sempervirens
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Stanley 3 GT Turnstile Holborn London. March 27.1861. These articles are made almost exclusively of this wood.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043774
modified: 2019-07-23 10:58:35.610000
ScientificName: Buxus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Buxaceae
genus: Buxus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Rook, Queen, Castle, Knight, King & a Pawn. Exhibited in Plants + People exhibition in Museum no.1, May 1998 to May 2016


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043776
modified: 2016-12-15 13:20:16.013000
ScientificName: Buxus sempervirens
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Buxaceae
genus: Buxus
specificEpithet: sempervirens
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Commonly used in Milan.  Displayed in 'Kew in the city' at Wizadry in Wood, Carpenters' Hall, Trogmorton Avenue, London EC2N 2JJ, Oct 12-15, 2016 (curated collection of wooden objects and rare timbers from EBC)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043781
modified: 1994-09-15 00:00:00
recordedBy: Howell Henry & Co
ScientificName: Buxus sempervirens
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Buxaceae
genus: Buxus
specificEpithet: sempervirens
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Presented by Messrs. Henry Howell & Co. Cane & Stick Manufacturers, 180 Old Street, London EC.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043782
ScientificName: Buxus sempervirens
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Buxaceae
genus: Buxus
specificEpithet: sempervirens
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Showing the means employed during the latter half of the nineteenth century to facilitate the engraving of large subjects, and to reduce the time necessary for their execution.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043792
modified: 2006-01-19 13:04:22.313000
ScientificName: Buxus sempervirens
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Buxaceae
genus: Buxus
specificEpithet: sempervirens
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Rejected by engravers block makers on account of irregular grain, knots etc C. Knots BC Defective grain, probably resulting from injury to the bark B.C.D. does illustrate an old wound. D A specimen of wood probably the same as the one you have from Mr Saunders it is far too impatient in drying to compete with 13oz


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043793
ScientificName: Buxus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Buxaceae
genus: Buxus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  1 & 3 - Defective box-wood showing two defects known to engravers as 'Comets' 2-Himalayan box-wood, E.India, showing two defects in grain


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043794
modified: 2019-07-23 10:18:24.143000
ScientificName: Buxus sempervirens
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Buxaceae
genus: Buxus
specificEpithet: sempervirens
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  No 1 Section sawn for engraving; No 2 section prepared for engraving; No 3 A block, cut to form a border, to surround another block or type Plants + People exhibition Museum No 1, Kew.  May 1998 to May 2016.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043795
modified: 2016-12-15 13:20:42.350000
country: Georgia
countryCode: GE
locality: Soukoum Kale, Black Sea
ScientificName: Buxus sempervirens
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Buxaceae
genus: Buxus
specificEpithet: sempervirens
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  From the Port of Soukoum Kale, on the Black Sea. 1879 tons of this wood have been imported into England in one year  Displayed in 'Kew in the city' at Wizadry in Wood, Carpenters' Hall, Trogmorton Avenue, London EC2N 2JJ, Oct 12-15, 2016(curated collection of wooden objects and rare timbers from EBC)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043796
modified: 2016-12-15 13:21:20.827000
ScientificName: Buxus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Buxaceae
genus: Buxus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Boxwood with irregular grain which renders it unsuitable for wood engraving  Displayed in 'Kew in the city' at Wizadry in Wood, Carpenters' Hall, Trogmorton Avenue, London EC2N 2JJ, Oct 12-15, 2016 (curated collection of wooden objects and rare timbers from EBC)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043800
modified: 2007-05-22 13:16:37.357000
ScientificName: Buxus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Buxaceae
genus: Buxus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Fine sawdust obtained in preparing boxwood blocks for engraving purposes used by jewellers


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043802
ScientificName: Simmondsia chinensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Link) C.K.Schneid.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Simmondsiaceae
genus: Simmondsia
specificEpithet: chinensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Bought at Barkers, Kensington. Naturade: Vitamin enriched Lip colour with Jojoba Fragrance Free Non-Staining Contains Lanolin. Rose Geranium 35024. 4g. Advertising blurb on back of pack.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043808
modified: 2007-03-07 16:03:47.613000
locality: West Africa
identifiedBy: Hutchinson J
ScientificName: Alchornea cordifolia
scientificNameAuthorship: (Schumach. & Thonn.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Alchornea
specificEpithet: cordifolia
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Persistent staining of spirit BD Hood June 1972. Herb. Hort. Bot. Reg. Kew. (Letter 278, 1921:xiv.p.123) The International Paint Group  G. Ltd.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043824
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Brazil
ScientificName: Aleurites moluccanus
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Willd.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Aleurites
specificEpithet: moluccanus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Mr Holland. unit 30 ? 1 of 5 seeds sent by Fred G Sheffter, Portobello Santa Catherina Brazil. No. 13-30 4 Jan 1931. Sent as A Noze?


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043825
modified: 2006-04-18 15:07:09.383000
locality: Indo-China
ScientificName: Aleurites cordatus
scientificNameAuthorship: (Thunb.) R.Br. ex Steud.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Aleurites
specificEpithet: cordatus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Letter 300, 1925:xvi.p.127. Asking for 2 or 3 authentic seeds of A. cordata from Japan. Sample sent and asked to send his for identification if differing 15.viii.25. Other seeds sent see note with specimen.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043826
modified: 2006-04-18 14:57:46.470000
ScientificName: Aleurites moluccanus
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Willd.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Aleurites
specificEpithet: moluccanus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Ainslie Cottage, Callander, Perthshire Aug.9.1930. To Director, asking if the two seeds are those of Tuny oil. The seeds are not those of Tuny oil, but are from the Candle Nut Tree, A. triloba, an allied species.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043833
modified: 2006-05-04 16:46:53.140000
country: Malaysia
countryCode: MY
locality: Malay Archipelago
ScientificName: Aleurites moluccanus
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Willd.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Aleurites
specificEpithet: moluccanus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Nuts from Singapore. They were shipped from the Malay Peninsula and come originally from the neighbouring islands Lieut Cope See letter 65, 5th feb 1913


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043838
modified: 2012-04-19 15:29:00.757000
country: Ghana
countryCode: GH
locality: Gold Coast, Axim
ScientificName: Anthostema aubryanum
scientificNameAuthorship: Baill.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Anthostema
specificEpithet: aubryanum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Collected on the Company's Concessions near Axim, Gold Coast. Herb. Hort. Bot. Reg. Kew. Wood & Bark of a rubber producing tree. Comm. Secretary Cort Development Syndicate, London & Axim, xii.06. Dr Dalziel Herbarium - no further information available. J.H.H. 20.1.31. Returned herewith thank you, the specimen is as above. JM Dalziel 21.1.31


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043852
modified: 2006-05-08 15:51:58.070000
country: BU
countryCode: BU
locality: Burma
ScientificName: Baccaurea ramiflora
scientificNameAuthorship: Lour.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Phyllanthaceae
genus: Baccaurea
specificEpithet: ramiflora
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Paris Exhib Form No. 3. India. Burma Province. No. 131, Class I, Division B, Section 2, Exhibitors Name Forest Office, Address Thagetrugo ?


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043853
country: BU
countryCode: BU
locality: Burma , Rangoon
ScientificName: Aporosa villosa
scientificNameAuthorship: (Lindl.) Baill.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Phyllanthaceae
genus: Aporosa
specificEpithet: villosa
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Paris Exhibition Form No. 3 Burma Province. India No. 942 Class I, Division B, Section 2. Exhibitors name:Conservator of Forests, Tenasserin Circle, Burma.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043863
modified: 2002-07-29 10:24:29.587000
country: Nigeria
countryCode: NG
locality: Nigeria
ScientificName: Euphorbiaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The buff is the colour of the untreated native cotton. The blue stripe is cotton dyed with the Yoruba Indigo (Lonchocarpus). The brown stripe is native Anaphe Silk - the silkworm is fed on the leaves of Bridelia Micrantha Baill.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043866
modified: 2006-04-19 16:35:55.340000
country: Argentina
countryCode: AR
locality: South America, Rio Negro
ScientificName: Colliguaja integerrima
scientificNameAuthorship: Gillies & Hook.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Colliguaja
specificEpithet: integerrima
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Letter - rec'd from Cooper Technical Bureau, 47 Russel Square W.C.1 from Rio N Negro : roots said to be used, mixed with hot water, as an insecticide by Indians. The specimen accompanying this letter (some of which is sent herewith) has been identified as C.integerrima which is known in the territory of Santa Cruz, Patagonia as 'Poison Bush' but is said to be poisonous only to horses. Have you any knowledge of its use as an insecticide ? Will you please reply to letter M.C.P. 6.2.36


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043869
modified: 2006-04-19 16:45:00.053000
country: Chile
countryCode: CL
locality: Chile
ScientificName: Colliguaja odorifera
scientificNameAuthorship: Molina
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Colliguaja
specificEpithet: odorifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Bark of the Colliguaja (described in Hookers Bot. Miscellany Vol. 1 138 p. ? This specimen is from Chili - is said to lather in water like soap, & to be much used by the ladies of Chili to give a fine polish to their hair - if any of the liquid should happen to enter the eye it causes most violent pain and inflammation - even to a more severe degree than common soap. Mr Robinson thinks this bark is probably C odorifera (not Quillaia) known as Colliguaja. J.H.H. 16.vi.32. Submitted to Mr Metcalfe but no specimen for comparison.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043875
modified: 2006-05-04 15:40:49.377000
country: South Africa
countryCode: ZA
locality: South Africa
identifiedBy: Brown NE
ScientificName: Clutia heterophylla
scientificNameAuthorship: Thunb.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Peraceae
genus: Clutia
specificEpithet: heterophylla
occurrenceRemarks:
Opuscular source:  A gentleman known to me has brought with him from South Africa a quantity of a dried plant which he says is a most successful remedy for anthrax. Herewith I am sending you a sample of the leaves and stems only. I have not yet made a search for alkaloids or active principles in it, but should you be able from these imperfect specimens to recognise it as a known plant I should like to do so, and should feel obliged if you would further me with some infomation about it. John M Wyborn. To Mr Nicholson 17.6.02.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043877
modified: 2006-05-04 15:57:52.233000
country: Nicaragua
countryCode: NI
locality: Nicaragua
ScientificName: Croton eluteria
scientificNameAuthorship: Benn.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Croton
specificEpithet: eluteria
occurrenceRemarks:
Opuscular source:  Dr Howes, The Cascarilla or 'Peruvian Bark' appears to be the product of Croton eleuteria or a closely related species. According to Gilg-Brant-Schurhoff 'Pharmakognosie' the chief ingredients of this bark are 1. A bitter substance known as Cascarilla. 2. An ethereal oil 1-3%. 3. Resin 15%. 4. A tanning material. 5. Starch. 6. A dye. 7. Not more than 12% of mineral constituents. CRM 12.9.35. From J Lacayo & Sons, 86 Princes St. Manchester 1.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043878
modified: 2006-05-04 15:37:44.237000
country: Kenya
countryCode: KE
locality: Kenya, Nandi Forest, Tropical East Africa
ScientificName: Croton megalocarpus
scientificNameAuthorship: Hutch.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Croton
specificEpithet: megalocarpus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Seeds of the Giant Croton from Nandi Forest B.E. Africa sent to Kew by J Ainsworth C.M.E. Newlands, Cheadle Hulme near Stockport.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043880
modified: 2006-04-20 15:15:32.707000
country: Guyana
countryCode: GY
locality: British Guiana
identifiedBy: Schultes RE
ScientificName: Hevea pauciflora var. coriacea
scientificNameAuthorship: Ducke
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: pauciflora
infraspecificEpithet: coriacea
taxonRank: VARIETY
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Guyana. Monograph of the Genus Hevea: Hevea pauciflora (Spruce ex Benth.) Mueller-Argoviensis var coriacea Ducke in Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Janeiro 2 (1935) 239.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043887
modified: 2006-04-20 15:22:07.190000
country: Angola
countryCode: AO
locality: Angola
ScientificName: Croton mubango
scientificNameAuthorship: Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Croton
specificEpithet: mubango
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  A big tree and quite abundant about Malange - Angola from whence large quantities of such seeds could be obtained. Lu Herb Gossweiler No 966 in M. Britanicum, and the catalogue of Welwitsches plants collected in Angola, published by the Trustees of the British Museum of Natural History. Seeds collected at Malange on 19.8.03. John Gossweiler.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043890
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: India, Madras, Tinnevelly
ScientificName: Croton tiglium
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Croton
specificEpithet: tiglium
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  No. 853 Class I, Division B, Section 2, Exhibitors name: District Forest Officer. Address Tinnevelly, Southern Circle.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043891
country: Ghana
countryCode: GH
locality: Ghana, Aburi
ScientificName: Croton tiglium
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Croton
specificEpithet: tiglium
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Valued by Messrs Lambert & Strong, Mincing Lane at 25 pounds sterling per ton 16.4.02 JMST.?


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043898
country: Sri Lanka
countryCode: LK
locality: Ceylon
ScientificName: Croton tiglium
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Croton
specificEpithet: tiglium
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  No. 137. Paul Winn & co. Ltd.15, John Street, Crutched Friars, London E.C.  3 We shall be very much obliged if you will kindly give us your opinion whether the enclosed sample of Ceylon Croton seed is veritible Tiglium as we are in the actof concluding a large contract for this grade.Paul Winn & Co. Ltd. Informed: 'appears to be correct'. J.H.H. 1.iv.31.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000000439
recordNumber: 4469
modified: 1994-01-10 00:00:00
recordedBy: Schodde R, Craven LA
country: Papua New Guinea
countryCode: PG
eventDate: 1966-02-16 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 16/02/1966
ScientificName: Annonaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Annonaceae
locality:
Papua New Guinea, Gulf District, ca 15 miles inland from coast, E.Purari river delta channel, New Guinea, Malesia, Asia Tropical

occurrenceRemarks:
Entry book - Alluvial freshwater tidal forest ecotone, altitude ca. sea level. Tree c.27m high, with small buttress; bark decorticated in flakes and strips; brownish grey, blaze mid brown; wood yellow; leaves glossy mid green above, paler and duller below; young fruit dark dull green, ripening glossy red-black.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043900
modified: 2003-11-06 16:13:07.320000
country: Venezuela
countryCode: VE
locality: Venezuela, Province of Coro
ScientificName: Croton
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Croton
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Sangre de Drago - Dragons Blood. Brought from the Province of Coro exported from La Guayra. The pound costs here a little less than 2 johs.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043904
country: Kenya
countryCode: KE
locality: Kenya
ScientificName: Croton
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Croton
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  From Curators Office: Mr Holland, Herein a few seeds of 'Makinduri' (Croton) from SHC Hawtrey(Omo ? Huka) Kenya.They have been taken from a small quantity which Mr Hawtrey is sending, through Kew, to Sir Herbert Gibson. San Martin 296. Buenos Aires.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043915
modified: 2005-04-05 16:41:32.643000
country: Solomon Islands
countryCode: SB
locality: San Cristoval
ScientificName: Daphniphyllum conglutinosum
scientificNameAuthorship: Hemsl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Daphniphyllaceae
genus: Daphniphyllum
specificEpithet: conglutinosum
occurrenceRemarks:
Entry Book: said to be the strongest cement known to the natives and used by them for mending shell armlets etc.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043918
modified: 2006-08-03 15:58:29.557000
country: Sierra Leone
countryCode: SL
locality: Sierra Leone
ScientificName: Drypetes afzelii
scientificNameAuthorship: (Pax) Hutch.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Putranjivaceae
genus: Drypetes
specificEpithet: afzelii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Seeds described in Flora of Trop Africa Vol 6 Section 1 p 685 by Mr Hutchinson. Sent by Nisbett, Agric. Dept. Njala, Sierra Leone.  Extract from letter April 24th 1929. Answered by Asst. Director.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043924
country: Malaysia
countryCode: MY
locality: Perak
ScientificName: Elateriospermum tapos
scientificNameAuthorship: Blume
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Elateriospermum
specificEpithet: tapos
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  A large tree, very common in the Malay Peninsula in the high forests.  Seeds eaten by the wild tribes specimen from Imp Inst found ind sample of Nuts sent to Messrs Rowntree


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043930
modified: 2019-07-23 11:21:48.223000
country: Eritrea
countryCode: ER
locality: Eritrea
ScientificName: Euphorbia abyssinica
scientificNameAuthorship: J.F.Gmel.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Euphorbia
specificEpithet: abyssinica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Mature tree and seedling (on enclosed photo).  Wood for matches, boxes, and pulp for paper. Exhibited in Plants + People exhibition in Museum no.1, May 1998 to May 2016


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043931
modified: 2006-08-07 16:20:56.873000
country: Thailand
countryCode: TH
locality: Siam, Bangkok
ScientificName: Euphorbia antiquorum
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Euphorbia
specificEpithet: antiquorum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Bangkok Market, recd. 20 xi 28.  Letter  690-28.  Specimen bought in Bangkok as Calambac, A Kerr, Bot.Section, Suriwongse Road, Bangkok.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043936
modified: 2024-11-27 11:01:05.270000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: India, Tenasserim
ScientificName: Euphorbia antiquorum
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Euphorbia
specificEpithet: antiquorum
occurrenceRemarks:
Opuscular source:  Letter from Allahabad, 13 July 73.  To Dr Forbes Watson, India Mus. Sir, I have to pleasure to forward a parcel containing a sample of vegetable wax obtained from the milky juice of the Euphorbia pentagona, I think.  This plant grows freely in all the lower hills below Simla, and at present as far as I can learn is brought to no use other than growing it as a hedge in the plains.  The milk is thought poisonous by the natives.  What is its value for trade purposes?  I imagine it might be mixed with India rubber, in its vulcanised state for domestic use.  I have waterproofed paper with it, and perhaps cloth might be rendered the same.  Rest of letter is difficult to read.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043937
modified: 2007-01-18 16:11:32.617000
country: Mexico
countryCode: MX
locality: Mexico, Oaxaca
ScientificName: Euphorbia brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: Lam.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Euphorbia
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Letter Stuart R Cope, 3391. Tower St London 6th Nov 1913 to Director (See letter 569, 1913, viii.p.196 'I send you two packets one containing a botanical sample of a herbaceous plant indigenous here which seems a Euphorbia and from its bifurcated branches should be called dichotoma. It contains good rubber latex and I believe in greater quanity than Guayule (Parthenium argentatum) It is easily cultivated. Please show it to the Kew authorities for identification or new classification.'


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043963
modified: 2007-01-16 12:52:48.683000
country: Morocco
countryCode: MA
locality: Mogador
ScientificName: Euphorbia resinifera
scientificNameAuthorship: O.Berg
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Euphorbia
specificEpithet: resinifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Small container of seeds picked out of Gum Euphorbium. Afforded by various undetermined species of Euphorbia - it is imported from Mogador.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043965
modified: 2009-04-08 14:51:57.797000
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Brazil
ScientificName: Euphorbia sipolisii
scientificNameAuthorship: N.E.Br.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Euphorbia
specificEpithet: sipolisii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  For Museum Glaziou recd. 9/92. Note given to director asking for further information. IRG 9/2/93.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043970
modified: 2010-09-23 12:39:02.210000
locality: St Paul De Loanda
ScientificName: Euphorbia tirucalli
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Euphorbia
specificEpithet: tirucalli
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Sample of 'Almeidina' prepared several years ago. Opuscular source:  There seems to be but little doubt that 'Almeidina' is obtained from Euphorbia tirucalli Linn. (E. thepsaloids Welh.) A similar substance sent by Mr Gossweiler ? in July1901 described as being produced from 'Cusoneira', Euphorbia thipaloides Welw. helps to bear out this view, and likewise a note in Recue ? des Cultures Colonials Vol 8 1901 p. 347 See note in French. Apparently little was known of this substance in 1892 asdeduced by the following note (Dip. Cons. Rep. Ann. Ser. No. 1105 Trade of Hou?da 1892). There is a plant that flourishes in this neighbourhood called 'Almeidina' that gives off a sap supposed to contain some of the properties of India rubber. It has been exported in small quantities but experiments with it never seem to have led to satisfactory results. For description of E. tirucalli see: Catalogue of Welwitches African Plants part IV p. 949 Flora Brit. India V p. 254 Manual of Indian Timbers, Gamble p.591 1902 Pharmagraphia India Vol.3 p. 252 Dict. of Econ. Prod. India (Watt.) J.H.H. Dec. 1903.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043972
modified: 2003-07-30 14:59:00.837000
locality: Mossamedes
ScientificName: Euphorbia tirucalli
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Euphorbia
specificEpithet: tirucalli
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  This is probably 'Almeilina' See specimens 139/1893 St Paul de Loanda? 101/1901 Mr Gossweiler, Loanda for general information on the subject. J.H.H. Dec. 8.1903.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043973
modified: 2007-01-17 12:01:05.150000
ScientificName: Euphorbia tirucalli
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Euphorbia
specificEpithet: tirucalli
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Sample known here as Almedina and shall be obliged if you will give us any info regarding the origin and uses of this (Extract from letter to Curator, Curtess Ltd, 4 Old Hall St, Liverpool, 24 July 1934)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043976
modified: 2008-06-17 13:07:20.373000
country: Angola
countryCode: AO
locality: West Africa, Angola, St Paul de Loanda
ScientificName: Euphorbia tirucalli
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Euphorbia
specificEpithet: tirucalli
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  E rhipsaloides Welw ?? See specimens 134.1893, St Paul de Loanda,and 101.1901 Mr Gossweiler, Loanda for general info on the subject.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043989
modified: 2007-01-17 12:01:23.823000
country: Papua New Guinea
countryCode: PG
locality: British New Guinea
ScientificName: Euphorbia
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Euphorbia
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Reported upon by Hecht, Levis and Kahn, 21 Mincing Lane EC, dated 2.11.98, and being neither rubber gutta, nor Calata? and of no value whatsoever for this market.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043991
modified: 2007-06-20 12:56:15.390000
country: Sudan
countryCode: SD
locality: Sudan
ScientificName: Euphorbia
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Euphorbia
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Said to be used by the Tauregs of the Sahara against scorpions.  Small ground plant, known in Hausa and Tamasheq as the milk of doves.  Dried and powdered and eaten with food gives immunity from the bite of scorpions - no evil experienced from bite. If rubbed on hand flesh when plant exudes a milk, person can handle scorpions safely as they will not bite him. Nov 1922. Found in Air and Sudan.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043992
modified: 2010-04-21 12:00:57.863000
ScientificName: Euphorbia balsamifera
scientificNameAuthorship: Aiton
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Euphorbia
specificEpithet: balsamifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  A native of the Canaries.  Sample commd. is absolutely non resilient and as a rubber no doubt worthless. See letter 232, 1904.  This mastic has been obtained from the sap evaporation at boiling point.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000043996
modified: 2006-10-12 14:58:14.363000
country: Taiwan
countryCode: TW
locality: Formosa
ScientificName: Euphorbiaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Formed from detached cocci from Excoecaria agallocha, L.  From which larvae have escaped.  The scale like coverings are held together by natural silk.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000000440
recordNumber: 862
modified: 1993-12-13 00:00:00
recordedBy: Craven LA, Schodde R
country: Papua New Guinea
countryCode: PG
eventDate: 1966-02-19 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 19/02/1966
ScientificName: Annonaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Annonaceae
locality:
Papua New Guinea, Papua, Gulf District, Purari delta, Nr Ravikivau, New Guinea, Malesia, Asia Tropical

occurrenceRemarks:
Entry book - Sago swamp woodland. Tree 10m tall, dbh 20cm; leaves dull mid green above, paler below; ripe fruit glossy red; bark striate grey outside, pale brown inside; wood pale mid cream brown.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044004
modified: 2007-05-21 12:58:13.790000
ScientificName: Euphorbia
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Euphorbia
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  For ironwork generally, ship paint, from Protector Fluid Co, 8 Leadenhall St, London EC.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044013
country: Ghana
countryCode: GH
locality: Gold Coast
ScientificName: Excoecaria grahamii
scientificNameAuthorship: Stapf
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Excoecaria
specificEpithet: grahamii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Stapf, n.sp Coll near, Gambaga.  North-Terr., Gold Coast, by WM Graham. Comm. by WH Johnson, Aburi.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044022
country: Vanuatu
countryCode: VU
locality: Espiritu Santo Island, New Hebrides, Sakau district
ScientificName: Glochidion ramiflorum
scientificNameAuthorship: J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Phyllanthaceae
genus: Glochidion
specificEpithet: ramiflorum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Presented by the Oxford Univ Exped to the New Hebrides 1933-34 JR Baker Esq Univ Museum Oxford Recd Aug 9.1934


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044029
modified: 2021-08-26 11:29:48.263000
recordedBy: Wickham HA
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Brazil, Southern America
eventDate: 1876-01-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 00/00/1876
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
In 1876 Wickham sent 70,000 rubber seeds from Brazil to Kew. Less than 2,500 germinated but those seedlings were sent to Sri Lanka and Malaysia, formaing the basis of the Far Eastern rubber industry (Plants+People catalogue).  Plants + People exhibition Museum No 1, Kew.  May 1998 to May 2016. The seeds are in two parts. A couple were bottled for the PLants + People exhibition and subsequently went ito the herbarium Spirit collection. Two have remained bottled and in B1.  This object is stored in B1 for touring purposes.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044033
modified: 2006-08-24 10:18:06.053000
country: Sri Lanka
countryCode: LK
locality: Sri Lanka, Peradeniya, Botanical Garden
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Prepared by Mr. Parkin's hot acid process from trees grown in the botanical gardens. Sept 16 to 22 1899


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044035
modified: 2006-08-24 10:00:06.997000
country: Sri Lanka
countryCode: LK
locality: Sri Lanka, Heneratgoda, Botanic Gardens
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The yield of one tree for the year was about 2lbs 12ozs. Samples sent for report to the India Rubber Gutta percha & Telegraph Co Ltd, Silvertown & to Messrs Hecht Levis & Kahn, 21 Mincing Lane, E.6 30.1.96. JMH Para Rubber grown in Ceylon from Dr Trimen Jan 31 1896. Extract from Report of Messrs. Hecht, Levis & Kahn  'It consists of 2 qualities, small round pieces of very clean rubber of excellent quality which we consider would be most valuable production and probably worth 2/3d to 2/4d per lb. The second quality is mixed with bark and other impurities and although the quanity is very good the mixture of the bark and dirt would make it less valuable. The selling value today would be about 2/1d to 2/2d per lb.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044038
modified: 2007-05-16 13:16:44.380000
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Para
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Entry Book: Seeds of Hevea brasiliensis with large abnormal scar, said to be caused by attack of parrots Label source:  The scar is said to be caused by the attack of parrots. One very large seed, the others abnormal 277-1876


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000004404
modified: 2006-12-01 14:14:43.030000
country: Australia
countryCode: AU
locality: Australia, New South Wales
ScientificName: Toona ciliata var. australis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Kuntze) Bahadur
kingdom: Plantae
family: Meliaceae
genus: Toona
specificEpithet: ciliata
infraspecificEpithet: australis
taxonRank: VARIETY
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  A light to deep red coloured, soft open-grained timber, light in weight and easy to work. It is a most valuable cabinet, joinery and decorative wood, exceedingly durable when exposed to the weather. It is used also for boat-building and pattern-making. Owing to the great demand in the past it is now scarce. Supplies to the Sydney Market come mostly from Northern Queensland A large tree, found in the coastal districts of New South Wales, Queensland and Pacific Islands. H = Soft  W = 28-34lbs per cubic foot.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044041
country: Mexico
countryCode: MX
locality: Mexico, Sanborn
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Mr JC Harvey Planla & Consulting Trop Agriculturist Sanborn I believe its the first Para Rubber produced in Mexico JCH


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044043
modified: 2006-10-24 11:37:24.410000
country: Guyana
countryCode: GY
locality: Guyana, Mazaruni and Essequibo Rivers
identifiedBy: Schultes RE
ScientificName: Hevea pauciflora var. coriacea
scientificNameAuthorship: Ducke
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: pauciflora
infraspecificEpithet: coriacea
taxonRank: VARIETY
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  H. pauciflora (Spruce ex Benth.) Mueller-Argoviensis var coriacea Ducke in Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Janeiro 2 (1935) 239


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044044
country: Sri Lanka
countryCode: LK
locality: Sri Lanka
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Prepared by Mr Parkin's cold acid and creosote method from trees grown in the Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044045
modified: 2009-10-29 11:35:38.577000
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Letter from Premo Brushes Ltd., The Rubber Works, Petersfields, Hants, Eng. To The Curator, Dear Sir, We believe you have a display of manufactured rubber goods in connection with the rubber collection at Kew Gardens. It occurs to us, that you may which to display an all rubber hand nail brush. Consequently, we have sent you two under separate post. One for your personal use and one for exhibition in the rubber section. Yours faithfully, Armond Levy. Letter dated 8th July 1932. Dear Sir, In reply to your letter addressed to the curator, I am very much obliged for the two rubber hand nail brushes which have been donated to this establishment. A sample has been placed in the rubber collection as you suggested. Yours faithfully, The Keeper.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044047
modified: 2006-10-24 12:21:17.360000
country: BU
countryCode: BU
locality: Tenasserim, Mergui Plantation
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Valued in 1889 at 1s.11d. per 1lb. No. 1 Hevea rubber - yield of 37 trees (Hevea) on the East of the small stream running through the Mergui Plantation. Collected 23rd to 26th Nov. 1888. It was obtained by tapping trees of H. brasiliensis about a foot in diameter, and drying in the sun. In a report from Silver a portion of this was valued at 1/11 per pound. The present specimen of manufactured rubber is from the same sample. Label source:  Copy of report by Mr H. Lamphier (Terry?) (Messrs C MacIntosh) Manchester July 29th 1889. ' Report on a small sample of H. brasiliensis, the sample does not compare favourably with ordinary smoked para. It lacks tensile strength and soon looses its elasticity on exposure to a temperature of 100 degrees C. The difference is not due to the presence of resins as the amount of these found (2.8%) does not exceed the ordinary figure but it is rather to the molecular structure of the rubber, i.e. the greater preponderance of the viscous over the fiberous constituents'.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044048
modified: 2006-10-23 16:40:31.603000
country: Sri Lanka
countryCode: LK
locality: Sri Lanka, Heneratgoda Botanic Gardens
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Collected in coconut shells from trees in Bot. Gdns. Indian Rubber 1897 & 1898. See circular No.4 of Roy. Bot. Gdn. Ceylon  Jan. 1897 for method of preparation. A. rubber of best quality removed from the coconut shell.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044049
modified: 2007-07-19 12:30:20.047000
country: Sri Lanka
countryCode: LK
locality: Sri Lanka
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  From J Bibby & Sons, Seed Crushers & Co. Liverpool. Letter 603. 1920 : xiv. p.57. Letter from J Bibby to Kew: We herewith hand you a sample of rubber seed from Colombo, Ceylon, which we would like you to identify for us. Apparently Hevea brasiliensis 'Para Rubber' referred to to Col. Rep. Misc.No. 88 1914 pp. 450-457 J.H.H. 27.xii.20. Thankyou letter from Bibbys.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044050
modified: 2006-08-23 17:02:45.090000
country: Guyana
countryCode: GY
locality: Guyana, Essequibo River, Kow Island
ScientificName: Hevea pauciflora var. coriacea
scientificNameAuthorship: Ducke
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: pauciflora
infraspecificEpithet: coriacea
taxonRank: VARIETY
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  British Guiana. Monograph of the Genus Hevea Hevea pauciflora (Spreng ex Benth.) Mueller-Argoviensis var. coriacea Ducke in Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Janeiro 2.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044051
modified: 2006-08-23 17:07:20.667000
country: Guyana
countryCode: GY
locality: Guyana
identifiedBy: Schultes RE
ScientificName: Hevea pauciflora var. coriacea
scientificNameAuthorship: Ducke
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: pauciflora
infraspecificEpithet: coriacea
taxonRank: VARIETY
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  British Guiana. No. 7581 Monograph of the Genus Hevea: Hevea pauciflora (Spruce ex Benth.) Mueller-Argoviensis var. coriacea Ducke in Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Janeiro 2


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044052
modified: 2006-08-23 10:08:14.447000
country: Guyana
countryCode: GY
locality: Guyana, Mazaruni River
identifiedBy: Schultes RE
ScientificName: Hevea pauciflora var. coriacea
scientificNameAuthorship: Ducke
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: pauciflora
infraspecificEpithet: coriacea
taxonRank: VARIETY
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  British Guiana. Mazaruni mouth. Monograph of the Genus Hevea: Hevea pauciflora (Spruce ex Benth.) Mueller-Argoviensis var. coriacea Ducke in Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Janeiro 2 (1935) 239.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044054
country: Sri Lanka
countryCode: LK
locality: Sri Lanka, Peradeniya
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Prepared by Mr Parkins hot acid and creosote process from trees grown in the Bot Gardens.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044059
modified: 2006-08-23 17:07:45.330000
country: Trinidad and Tobago
countryCode: TT
locality: Trinidad
identifiedBy: Schultes HE
ScientificName: Hevea pauciflora var. coriacea
scientificNameAuthorship: Ducke
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: pauciflora
infraspecificEpithet: coriacea
taxonRank: VARIETY
occurrenceRemarks:
Opuscular source:  Letter from Bot Dept. Trinidad, Sept 29th 1898, To Director; I send you today semi mature seed capsules of 2 of our Heveas.  These appear to show characters which may enable a distinction to be drawn - (Samples no longer separated)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044064
modified: 2004-05-20 14:42:05.827000
recordedBy: Spruce, Richard
ScientificName: Hevea spruceana
scientificNameAuthorship: (Benth.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: spruceana
occurrenceRemarks:
Source: Spruce, R (1851-1855) Uses of Amazon plants.  Journals from Barra to the Orinoco, from Barra to Tarapoto and notes on the uses of Amazon plants and on cryptograms, p1.: A large tree frequent about Sao Gabriel it has sapopemas at base and is very similar in habit to Uaucá being distinguished by milk flowing when a sapopema is wounded.  Seeds are boiled for 24 hours and yields a small quantity of oil which is good for lamps.  The mass which remains is kept under water for three days and when taken out has a pleasant taste and no ill smell.  It is eaten without the addition of anything else and may be kept a long time, but if the seed has not been well boiled it is a quick poison and several Indians have fallen victims of incautious use.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044069
modified: 2006-09-18 16:37:44.047000
country: Sri Lanka
countryCode: LK
locality: Ceylon
ScientificName: Hevea
scientificNameAuthorship: Aubl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Ranked with Matto Grosso or Virgin Para Rubber gathers and is known for its clean dry state.  Washed and dried it will lose only 9 or 10 %.  Sold at 3/9d per lb at public auctions, or in bulk at 4/- or more.  Sept 15.1899.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044074
modified: 2006-08-23 17:36:03.047000
country: Malaysia
countryCode: MY
locality: Malaya
ScientificName: Hevea
scientificNameAuthorship: Aubl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  'Maelorub', prepared at the Rubber Research Station at Malaya. Has numerous uses including flooring etc.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044075
modified: 2008-06-27 10:09:13.237000
ScientificName: Euphorbiaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  A. Instrument used for tapping rubber trees, 82.1904, WH Johnson. B. Rubber tapping knife and pricker 102.1910, SR Bolt. C. Rubber tapping tools, WK Stacy, 98 Newgate Street, London, 15.1911 Patent No 25.973 (1903) Date of application Nov 27, 1903.  The Eastern Produce and Estates Co Ltd, 14 Eastcheap, London Merchants, Precification from Cultivation and Preparation of para Rubber.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044076
modified: 2017-02-21 13:21:45.697000
ScientificName: Euphorbiaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Tree instruments used in rubber collection. Part of Plants + People exhibition Museum No 1, Kew. May 1998 to May 2016


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044078
modified: 2006-05-05 12:29:47.067000
recordedBy: William Swainson
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Brazil
eventDate: 1817-01-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 00/00/1817
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source: The oldest manufactured article of the kind.  Note in Portuguese: 'Uma borracha, collida no Brazil en 1817 pelo naturalista illustre William Swainson F.R.S.' The writer showed at the Rubber Exhibition in Rio de Janeiro in 1913 a borracha or rubber bottle collected in Brazil by his granduncle William Swainson FRS, in 1817, which is still sound, though no longer elastic, and is perhaps the oldest specimen of rubber of known date existing.  Of course, this rubber was not vulcanised. Also see EBC44079


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044079
modified: 2010-04-20 11:47:30.093000
recordedBy: Swainson William
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Brazil
eventDate: 1817-01-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 00/00/1817
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source: Handwriting on loose lip is that of Dr JC Willis FRS. Entry Book: Borracha or rubber bottle collected in Brazil by William Swainson FRS in 1817 and exhibited at the Rubber Exhibition in Rio de Janeiro by his grandnephew Dr JC Willis, FRS, (father of the donor). Possibly the oldest specimen of rubber of known date existing. Also see EBC44078 Looks like a pouch, possibly a tobacco pouch?  


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044083
modified: 2006-10-23 14:55:55.787000
country: Malaysia
countryCode: MY
locality: Penang, Botanic Gardens
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Tree yielded 14.5lbs.  This rubber is very like that from the same tree grown in Ceylon, and quantities have been sold here at a very high price - 2d to 3d above fine para rubber direct from Brazil.  We are afraid however that there is something wrong in the method of curing your sample.  It shows little elasticity and breaks very easily.  Excellent rubber, badly cured.  We should estimate today's value at something under 3/- per lb. Nov 1st, 1907.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044084
modified: 2006-09-25 16:24:51.913000
country: Fiji
countryCode: FJ
locality: Fiji, Suva, Botanic Gardens
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Samples 1 & 2; Extract from Mr D Yeowards letter to Admin, Fiji April, 1902.  The tree was planted in 1893 and is now about 9 years of age, its present height is 45 to 50 ft with an average girth at 5 ft from the ground of 4 ft.  The tree flowered for the first time in 1899, but did not fruit.  It flowered again in 1900 and set several seed from which some 12 plants were raised.  It has seeded again this year but not freely.  There is a tree in the garden younger by 3 years, seeding more freely. The growth of the tree in the gardens here compares favourably with that of other countries leaving little more to be desired, and it is a pity there is not a well developed plantation of several acres in connection with the gardens.  Collected by making v shaped incisions in the trunk near the base (up to 5ft) samples not cured.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044086
modified: 2006-09-25 16:30:03.343000
country: Malaysia
countryCode: MY
locality: Selangor
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Sample no.VI Letter from Selangor, 10.11.02. Sir, I have the honour to forward by this mail seven samples of Para rubber for your inspection and with the request to submit to an expert, to decide what effect if any the various acids employed here upon the prepared article.  The quantity of acid used in each case was exceedingly small. The samples are as follows. No 1. Nat coag. lated poured into plates and water evaporated. no 2.  Coag by acetic, No 3. by nitric acid, no 4 by sulphuric acid, no 5 by hydrochloric acid, no 6 naturally in collecting tins, and no 7 on the tree 'scrap'. The cultivation of rubber trees is being vigourously carried on throughout the Fed Malay States and it is of the utmost importance that when the time arrives for extracting the rubber, we should be in a position to put the best samples on the market.  I need hardly say that any information as to the best method of curing would be welcomed  Stanley Arden, Supt, Experimental Plants., Federal Malay States. Opuscular source:  Letter back from Hecht, Levis and Kahn;  We have examined the samples of para rubber from Selangor, which you submitted to us.  We are not chemists, and can only judge the rubber from its elasticity strength and freedom from dust.  With ordinary hard cure fine para worth today 3/8d per lb, we should estimate the value of your samples as follows no 1 about 4/4 per lb, no 2 and 6 about 4/3d per lb, no 5 about 4/2d, no 4 about 4/1d, no 3 about 4/- and no 7 about 3/4d.  Nos 3 and 4 are decidedly weaker than the others and on the whole we think the less acid used in coagulation the better.  Sample no 1 coagulated without acid and is certainly the best of the lot. (19 Dec 1902)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044088
modified: 2024-11-15 17:27:08.553000
country: Trinidad and Tobago
countryCode: TT
locality: Trinidad
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Reported upon by Messrs Hecht, Levis & Kahn under date 12.7.98 as follows :- 'Quality excellent in every respect clean, strong and dry. This rubber would be readily saleable in this market and would at the present moment command a very high price probably about 3/- to 3/2 per lb perhaps even a little more' Extract from letter from Mr Hart, Dated Trinidad 22.6.98. The course adopted to obtain the rubber was as follows:- 'The rough bark is first spoke-shaved off, so as to obtain a clean surface without injuring the cambrium. At the upper part of the surface thus exposed, longitudinal slits were made some four or five inches long and sufficiently deep to reach to the xylem. Streams of latex then commenced to run down  on the clean surface which when partially dry were collected by the rolling into a ball every night for eight successive nights the latex starts afresh and can be collected in the morning, the quanity appears to be greater after rainfall. This comes without fresh cutting. The specimen sent is collected from No 6359 & No 6360 mixed. The specimen of rubber sent with the specimens was collected in the same manner. One sample of rubber same var cult. in Ceylon in 1884. Tree about 15 years old No.6360 Second specimen of rubber The same sent from Trinidad by Prestoe in 1879 to J.P. 6359


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044089
ScientificName: Hevea
scientificNameAuthorship: Aubl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  See letter 139.1907 HP Stevens to Director HP Stevens, Clayton, Beadle & Stevens Lab 15 Boro' London Bridge


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044094
modified: 2024-11-15 17:27:08.857000
country: Sri Lanka
countryCode: LK
locality: Sri Lanka, Heneratgoda, Botanic Garden
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Grown in Bot Gard Ceylon Third quality scrap obtained from fissures in the bark of trees


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000000441
recordNumber: 7257
modified: 2013-04-11 12:28:29.870000
recordedBy: Pullen R
country: Papua New Guinea
countryCode: PG
eventDate: 1967-09-06 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 06/09/1967
ScientificName: Annonaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Annonaceae
locality:
Papua New Guinea, Western District, Upper Fly River, c.1 mile N of Kiunga, New Guinea, Malesia, Asia Tropical

occurrenceRemarks:
Entry book - Rainforest on low hilly terrain. Tree 73 feet tall, bole 38 feet, diam.9 inches. Buttressed to 4 feet and with some stilt roots. Bark brown and grey patchy, very finely cracked. Blaze light pinky brown with an aroma of pineapple. Wood cream.Fruit scarce on tree, clustered on a thick peduncle; each individual fruit elongated, with 1-3 seeds.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044100
modified: 2009-04-12 19:43:38.860000
ScientificName: Hevea
scientificNameAuthorship: Aubl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
occurrenceRemarks:
Curation note: Previously this EBC also contained a grey shoe sole, which was seperated into EBC 90917.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044108
modified: 2010-03-03 12:35:17.270000
country: Malaysia
countryCode: MY
locality: Penang
ScientificName: Hevea
scientificNameAuthorship: Aubl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Para Rubber coagulated with alum and dried by fire heat. From trees grown in Penang. Report by Messrs. Hecht, Levis & Kahn 21 Mincing Lane E.6 dated 3.2.99. 'The rubber shavings are almost valueless containing as they do only small traces of rubber. We estimate the value of these shavings from 4d to 5d a lb. Other two samples are of excellent quality and would meet with aready sale at probably 3/6 a lb if the bulk of the rubber is equal in dryness to the two small cakes you sent us. The treatment of No 1 with alum does not in any way interfere with the quality.  Opuscular source:  Letter - Botanic Garden Penang 31.12.98 to the Director - Dear Sir, In November last you were good enough to submit for valuation a sample of Para Rubber taken from a tree growing in this garden. The amount taken out at that tapping was 1lb. During the last month I have again tapped the same tree and obtained 3lbs. By this mail I am sending you samples marked 1 & 2 each piece being the result of 1 days collection. My object in sending these samples is to obtain your assistance in ascertaining whether the use of alum in coagulating the latex affects its value? If not it would greatly facilitate the working of this industry especially in wet weather.  No 1 has been heated with alum, No 2 has not - both were dried by fire. I have also put in the box with these samples a small bag of shavings which contain a good deal of rubber and should I think be of some value. If you will kindly submit these together with the rubber, for an opinion as to value I shall be much obliged. Unless there is a great fall in price, rubber is going to be a big thing in this part, C.Curtis Asst. Supt. of Forests.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044111
modified: 2009-04-12 19:45:40.037000
ScientificName: Hevea
scientificNameAuthorship: Aubl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
occurrenceRemarks:
Exhibited at the International Inventions Exhibition of 1885.  EBC 44111 previously held 6 rubber shoe sole patterns, which were seperated into EBC 90918.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044113
modified: 2024-11-15 17:27:09.473000
country: Ghana
countryCode: GH
locality: Ghana, Aburi
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Buiscuit - rubber. Prepared from trees growing in the Botanical Gardens, Aburi. Para Rubber Scrap - prepared as above. Gold Coast. Opuscular source:  Kew Memo re: Para rubber from Aburi Gold Coast, received for report from Mr W H Johnson 16.2.04. Director; The samples of rubber have been submitted to Messrs Hecht-Levis & Kahn 36 Fenchurch Street E.C. who report very favourably upon them. They consider both samples to be of excellent quality, well cured, free from impurities & quite equal to that received at the present time from Ceylon. Such rubber readily finds a market here & would realise at the present time 4/6 to 4/7 per lb. for the biscuit & 3/6 to 3/8 for the scrap. Its very important that rubber should be thoroughly dry befor shipping.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044117
modified: 2024-11-15 17:27:09.007000
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Letter from Figgis & Co , Produce Brokers of Fenchurch St to Kew: Dear Sir, We are in receipt of yours of yesterday's date & have sent you the sample of the Straits Plantation pressed sheet rubber you refer to. This realised 6/2 per lb today in auction.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044118
modified: 2009-03-26 12:35:14.740000
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  See letter 323.1908. Copy of a letter from Ridley, Botanic Gardens, Singapore Aug. 27th 1908. Dear Dr Prain, I am sending today two sheets of Para rubber, affected with 'Blood-spot'. This ailment is I believe due to a bacteria or fungus. These sheets are made of pot washings, the pots are washed into a tub of water and any stray latex goes in too. It is then coagulated with acetic acid, and makes an inferior rubber. We have only had this in the pot washing, but other estates have had their good sheets destroyed. The spots first appear faintly when the sheets are getting dry, and darken in a few days, but do not always take on the deep red you see in one sheet. A piece of blood spot rubber inserted into a sound sheet does not spread into the  sound rubber. After a time the rubber breaks up around the blood spot and is powdery & rotten, but does not go tacky. Plunging the sheets in nearly boiling water - Bambas plan - appears to prevent it. I think the specimen may interest Massee who mightbe able to find the destructive organism. Anyway the thing is sufficiently curious to send you I think.  Mr Massee unable to account for the red spots. Signed ? 3.xi.08. Opuscular source:  No trace of living fungi or bacteria can be detected in the red patches. When a red portion of rubber is disolved in chloroform the remains of fungi can be seen, a sp. of Mucor being almost constantly present. These fungi are presumably growing on the latex before coagulating and were engulfed like flies in amber. As to whether the Mucor produced a change in the latex, that resulted tin the formation of red patches after coagulation, cannot be determined at Kew. Copy of the report by Mr Massee.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044122
modified: 2006-02-14 16:44:32.270000
country: Ghana
countryCode: GH
locality: Ghana
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  1. Biscuits from trees 9 years old, growing in Botanic Gardens, Aburi. 2. Biscuits from trees 5.5 years old, growing in the agricultural station, Tarquah. 3. Para rubber scrap put through hand machine Aburi.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044123
country: Malaysia
countryCode: MY
locality: Penang, Botanic Gardens
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Sample from tree cultivated in Botanic Gardens, Penang. Worth today 3/3 per lb. beautiful rubber, very well cured. Report by Messrs Hecht Levis & Kahn 31.8.98.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044128
ScientificName: Hevea
scientificNameAuthorship: Aubl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  1. Milk, Igarape, Jaraqui Rio Jurua. 2.Rubber. Igarape, Jaraqui Teffe, Amazons. 3. Rubber of remarkably fine quality. Igarape, Jaraqui, Teffe. 4. Rubber as collected from trees Igarape, Jaraqui, Teffe. 5. Tobacco pouch of rubber.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044132
modified: 2007-06-25 12:34:17.403000
country: Dominica
countryCode: DM
locality: Dominica
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Opuscular source:  Letters between Dominican Bot Gard, Kew, and Report from Lewis & Peat Ltd 1. From A Keys, Dominica:  Biscuits of rubber have been treated as follows; No 1. Latex subjected to the fumes of sulphur in a fumigating chamber for 3 hours. Coagulum rolled and hung up to dry.  No 2. Same as 1, but twice amount of sulphur used.  No 3  Latex coagulated spontaneously, rolled, and wet biscuit placed in fumigating chamber for 3 hours.  Nos 4 - 8 have coagulated spontaneously, coagulum rolled, dried  and smoked for 2 days in smoke of a fire fed with dry coconut husks. Letter 2 is a report from Lewis and Peat Ltd, 27th June 1921 to Kew. As far as we can judge by appearance the rubber is quite good and if prepared in the ususal way undoubtedly would be as good as other marks and estates.  If you require a chemical analysis you could go to Beadle & Stevens, London S E.  1. Is smooth unsmoked biscuit as is no. 2.  No 3 is smooth, uneven in colour and bubbly, no 4 is smooth smoked biscuit, rather dark incolour and bubbly, no. 5 is smooth smoked, lighter in colour than 4, and not so heavily smoked. no 6 is same as 4 but not so thick, no 7 is smooth smoked, oversmoked and rusty, no 8 is smooth smoked, slightly resinous and little over smoked.  We enclose a  small cutting of standard smoked ribbed sheet. Letter nos are: 229, 1921, xiv p 111, letters 233, 1922, xiv p 249 etc.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044135
modified: 2013-04-11 15:17:50.750000
recordedBy: Putnam Dr CS
ScientificName: Hevea
scientificNameAuthorship: Aubl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
occurrenceRemarks:
From Entry Book 156.1859: 3 models with specimens of artificial teeth mounted on hardened vulcanised india rubber base by the process of the inventor and patentee Dr CS Putnam.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044143
modified: 2005-08-08 16:08:21.453000
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Brazil
ScientificName: Hevea
scientificNameAuthorship: Aubl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
occurrenceRemarks:
Opuscular source:  Letter from David Bridge & Co, Castleton Ironworks, Manchester, March 3rd, 1909 to Keeper).  We enclose herewith our Section K Catalogue with various leaflets, reprints, etc. respecting our machinery used on the rubber plantations, andon pages 32 and 33 you will find descriptions and illustrations of Da Costas Patent System of Rubber Coagulation.  Here is a small piece of Brasilian Rubber done at our works in his presence a few weeks ago.  We infuse steam and smoke into the latex - in10 mins we do as much latex as takes a rubber gatherer up to Amazon a week to coagulate.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044148
modified: 2005-08-08 16:14:52.537000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: India
ScientificName: Euphorbiaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Proudlocks improved tapping knife.  The application for a patent for this knife has been registered as No 51907, 1903, in the Patent Office of the Govt of India, Calcutta.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044152
modified: 2007-09-10 11:24:10.247000
country: Malaysia
countryCode: MY
locality: Malaysia
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Prepared by Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Table of composition on box lid


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044153
modified: 2005-08-02 15:01:09.677000
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Para
ScientificName: Euphorbiaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Clay bowls for fixing on trunks of trees to collect the milk.  Tin bowls of similar form are now commonly used.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044159
modified: 2007-05-16 14:54:07.900000
country: Sri Lanka
countryCode: LK
locality: Sri Lanka, Heneratogda
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  From a tree 15 years old Opuscular source:  Letter from Hecht, Levis and Kahn, 7.2.1893, 21, Mincing Lane, London.  We have received your yesterday's letter and also the sample of Ceylon rubber which you have sent to us.  The quality of this rubber is very good indeed, and the curing of the same seems to have been effected in the proper manner.  This quality would be easily saleable and we estimate its value today as being about 2/3 to 2/6 per lb. according to whether the rubber would be dry or damp.  Easily saleable in large quantities.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044162
modified: 2019-07-23 11:36:52.553000
country: Sri Lanka
countryCode: LK
locality: Sri Lanka, Sinnapittia Estate
ScientificName: Hevea brasiliensis
scientificNameAuthorship: (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
specificEpithet: brasiliensis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Awarded prize and also rubber growers association diploma Exhibited in Plants + People exhibition in Museum no.1, May 1998 to May 2016


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044172
modified: 2019-07-23 10:47:10.973000
recordedBy: Spruce, Richard
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Uaupes
ScientificName: Hevea
scientificNameAuthorship: Aubl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The head is made of Caoutchouc. Called in Lingoa Geral, Turucana  Source: Museum entry book 1847-55, p260: Used throughout Uaupés for beating the big drum called in lingoa geral, Turucana but by the Tariana Indians, Fulifuru and by Tucanos, Tuati.  Exhibited in Plants + People exhibition in Museum no.1, May 1998 to May 2016  Photographed and catalogued in November 2016 as part of the Musical Instrument Interface for Museums and Collections (MINIM-UK) project, Royal College of Music, www.minim-uk.org


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044176
modified: 2009-06-15 15:32:07.373000
locality: Brazil/Peru Frontier
ScientificName: Hevea
scientificNameAuthorship: Aubl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The largest seed - best quality rubber Two reddish seeds - inferior rubber The other seed - Good rubber 'Guama' From near the frontier between Brazil and Peru. Sent from Sports Club James Square London See letter 209. Oct 1905


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044195
modified: 2019-07-18 11:44:50.460000
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Amazon Region
ScientificName: Hevea
scientificNameAuthorship: Aubl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Rubber shoe made in the Amazon region of best Para Rubber. About the middle of the 19th century this rubber was almost entirely exported from Brazil in the shape of shoes like this sample. The practise has since been discontinued. Exhibited in Plants + People exhibition Museum No 1, Kew.  May 1998 to May 2016.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000000442
recordNumber: 4374
modified: 1993-12-13 00:00:00
recordedBy: Schodde R, Craven LA
country: Papua New Guinea
countryCode: PG
locality: Papua New Guinea, New Guinea, Gulf District, 2m NE juntn Vailala & Lohiki R, Malesia, Asia Tropical
eventDate: 1966-01-31 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 31/01/1966
ScientificName: Annonaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Annonaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Entry book - Hill crest ca 2 miles north-east of junction of Vailala and Lohiki rivers, primary low-hill forest. Slender tree ca 15m high, with short umbrageous crown; bark smooth, faintly pustular striate grey-green, thick, blaze pale brown; wood cream;leaves rather dark dull gloosy green above, duller below; perianth cream.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044215
modified: 2006-05-19 12:32:28.480000
ScientificName: Hevea
scientificNameAuthorship: Aubl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Sample of rubber apparently of the quality known as 'Esmeralda'. This specimen probably formed part of a collection exhibited in 1851 by Messrs C Macintosh & Co.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044231
modified: 2006-05-19 13:10:38.960000
ScientificName: Hevea
scientificNameAuthorship: Aubl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Known in the trade as 'false packed'.  This kink of rubber is imported in large balls similar to this specimen which should be solid.  They are, however, sometimes packed with broken earthenware, refuse cotton, etc., to make them wiegh heavily and thus defraud the buyer.  Presented by Mr James Collins.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044233
modified: 2024-11-15 17:27:09.420000
ScientificName: Hevea
scientificNameAuthorship: Aubl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hevea
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  From the cylindrical charge as taken from the masticating machine during the process of manuf.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044254
recordNumber: 1288
recordedBy: Jefford TG, Juniper BE, Newbould J
country: Tanzania
countryCode: TZ
locality: Tanzania, Mpanda District, Mahali Mountains, Sobago
eventDate: 1958-08-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 01/08/1958
ScientificName: Hymenocardia acida
scientificNameAuthorship: Tul.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Phyllanthaceae
genus: Hymenocardia
specificEpithet: acida
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Herbarium Kewense. Tree 25 feet tall with lax spreading crown & contorted branching. In tall-grass scattered tree savannah.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044256
modified: 2019-03-07 10:14:43.547000
country: Colombia
countryCode: CO
locality: Colombia
ScientificName: Hippomane spinosa
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Hippomane
specificEpithet: spinosa
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source: Hippomane spinosa Colombia, -Hartweg. Mr. Betham.  New determination (2019): H.mancinella L. Notes updated 2019


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044272
modified: 2006-05-22 15:01:00.750000
country: Madagascar
countryCode: MG
locality: Madagascar
ScientificName: Jatropha multifida
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Jatropha
specificEpithet: multifida
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Believed to be from E Africa or Madagascar. Opuscular source:  Dear sir, In answer to your letter N1305, of 28 Nov, the seeds received for identification are apparently those of J multifida, native of trop America, and cult in other countries.  An oil known as Pinhoen Oil which is used in Brasil as an emetic is obtained from the seeds.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044291
modified: 2004-07-20 12:38:06.507000
recordedBy: Spruce, Richard
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Brazil, Para
ScientificName: Mabea fistulifera
scientificNameAuthorship: Mart.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Mabea
specificEpithet: fistulifera
occurrenceRemarks:
Source: Museum Entry Book 1847-1855, p 51.: Tobacco pipes made by the Indians of Caripi and extensively used throughout the province.  Source: Spruce, R. (1908) IN: Wallace, A. ed. Notes of a botanist on the Amazon & Andes : being records of travel on the Amazon and its tributaries, the Trombetas, Rio Negro, Uaupés, Casiquiari, Pacimoni, Huallaga and Pastasa ; as also to the cataracts of the Orinoco, along the eastern side of the Andes of Peru and Ecuador, and the shores of the Pacific, during the years 1849-1864 / by Richard Spruce ; edited and condensed by Alfred Russell Wallace, with a biographical introduction, portrait, seventy-one illustrations and seven maps 2,   p 404. :The slender but tough twigs, hollowed and polished interiorly by ants, are a favourite material for tobacco pipes with the Indians of the Amazon, who strip of the bark and paint and varnish the surface of the wood.  These taquaris, as they are called, are commonly sold in shops in Para. 


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000000443
recordNumber: 786
modified: 1993-12-14 00:00:00
recordedBy: Craven LA, Schodde R
country: Papua New Guinea
countryCode: PG
eventDate: 1966-02-09 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 09/02/1966
ScientificName: Annonaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Annonaceae
locality:
Papua New Guinea, Papua, Gulf District, Purari delta, Near Ravikivau, New Guinea, Malesia, Asia Tropical

occurrenceRemarks:
Entry book - Sago swamp-woodland. Tree 7m tall, dbh 8cm; leaves dull dark green above, paler below; fruit dull mid green; dark chestnut inside; wood mid cream brown.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000004430
modified: 2005-06-06 16:06:08.470000
locality: South Tropical Africa
ScientificName: Trichilia emetica
scientificNameAuthorship: Vahl
kingdom: Plantae
family: Meliaceae
genus: Trichilia
specificEpithet: emetica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Small canoes etc.  Dimensions 153 x 9 x 227. Wt 169.8 grams. Bulk 270 cc. Sp. grav. 0.629. Wt per cu ft 39.3125.  JHH 13.5.09


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044301
modified: 2006-09-18 15:45:52.827000
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Brazil, San Paulo
ScientificName: Manihot dichotoma
scientificNameAuthorship: Ule
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
specificEpithet: dichotoma
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  'As regards the Jequie variety of Manihot this plant originates in the Municapality of Jequie, State of Bahia and is at present looked upon as a better latex producer than the Manihot glagiorii or Coara. I am sending you the seed  of this plant and eventually will forward some dried herbarium specimens.' Extract from letter 205.1906  JA Davy, Dumont, San Paulo, Brazil, June 30th 1906. rec. 25th July JHH 27.7.06


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044323
country: Saint Lucia
countryCode: LC
locality: St Lucia
ScientificName: Manihot esculenta
scientificNameAuthorship: Crantz
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
specificEpithet: esculenta
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  British West Indies. Extracted from roots of the Bitter Cassava. Price 2.5 per lb. f.o.b. The permanent exhibition committee of St. Lucia. Exhibited by agricultural society.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044325
modified: 2006-10-24 14:13:38.777000
country: Bahamas, The
countryCode: BS
locality: Bahamas
ScientificName: Manihot esculenta
scientificNameAuthorship: Crantz
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
specificEpithet: esculenta
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Tuber called 'Bay Rush' from Jamaica sent by Imperial Institute. After a comparison with tubers of Manihot utilissima, I cannot give a decided opinion as to the identity of the Bay Rush sp. L.A.B. 28.4.15. Letter 21,1915 Imperial Institute, 'Bay Rush' 'Unetia' Roots Bahamas. 56357. See Govt van hijk ?? & Dict. of Pl. Names p.813 and Simmonds Comm. Prod. of the Veg. Kingdom p.376. J.H.H. 23.ii.15.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044329
country: Malaysia
countryCode: MY
locality: Penang
ScientificName: Manihot esculenta
scientificNameAuthorship: Crantz
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
specificEpithet: esculenta
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Finest Penang Tapioca. The plant is a native of Brazil but has been introduced into the Straits for commercial purposes. Imported from Penang.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044341
modified: 2019-07-18 10:18:12.153000
locality: Indo-China
ScientificName: Manihot esculenta
scientificNameAuthorship: Crantz
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
specificEpithet: esculenta
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Local consumption; exportation# Exhibited in Plants + People exhibition Museum No 1, Kew.  May 1998 to May 2016.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044349
modified: 2006-09-18 16:27:40.867000
identifiedBy: Gasson P, Jodrell Lab
ScientificName: Manihot esculenta
scientificNameAuthorship: Crantz
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
specificEpithet: esculenta
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  (Memo to Jane Stubbs 28.3.80 ref 30.10.79.256 The base material of the nuts appears to consist of broken up leaf lamina.  Small fragments of petiole were sectioned and they resemble herb material of Manihot esculenta. Small wood chip in one nut was Pinus sp, sylvestris type, probably from chopping board or similar.  Peter Gasson.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044354
locality: SE Wynaad, Bekki Kolley
ScientificName: Manihot glaziovii
scientificNameAuthorship: Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
specificEpithet: glaziovii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  1lb ofscrap rubber, from the South Rubber Plantation, Bekki Kolley, Jan & Feb 1901 & 1902.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044355
modified: 2006-08-23 17:18:50.303000
country: Fiji
countryCode: FJ
locality: Fiji, Suva, Botanic Garden
ScientificName: Manihot glaziovii
scientificNameAuthorship: Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
specificEpithet: glaziovii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Rubber sample no 3.  Ceara rubber Manihot glaziovii, the produce of 3 trees.  These trees were planted in 1896, and are now in their 6th year of growth.  The yield seems small in the extreme although the trees grow freely, I do not think it is likely to command serious attention.  The trees after having thier outer bark removed were tapped indiscriminately to a ht of about 8 ft from the ground, the tapping carried out as with the Para rubber trees.  Extract from Mr D Yeowards letter to theAdministrator Fiji Islands, 22 April 1902


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044358
modified: 2006-08-23 17:22:26.607000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Madras, Nilgiris, Burliar
ScientificName: Manihot glaziovii
scientificNameAuthorship: Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
specificEpithet: glaziovii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Seeds ot the Kullar? selected variety from young trees in the Govt Experimental Garden, Burliar, 2400 ft, Nilgiris, Feb 1903. Vide para 40 of the garden Annual admin report for 1900-01, para 48 and 56 for 1901-02, and para 55 page 10 for 1902-1903


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044364
modified: 2006-09-25 14:43:25.920000
country: Sierra Leone
countryCode: SL
locality: Sierra Leone, Botanic Station
ScientificName: Manihot glaziovii
scientificNameAuthorship: Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
specificEpithet: glaziovii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Report by Hecht Levis and Peat, 36 Fenchurch St.  Of excellent quality showing a clean strong rubber but cutting rather damp.  We think this description could easily by sold in large quantities 2/9 - 3/- per lb.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044367
modified: 2006-09-25 14:39:50.857000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Madras, SE Wynaad
ScientificName: Manihot glaziovii
scientificNameAuthorship: Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
specificEpithet: glaziovii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Seed from the original best latex-yielding tree of ceara rubber growing on the Govt rubber plantation, Beteki-Kolley, Gadbrook, near Welletestta, SE Wynaad, Niggiris District, S India.  Collected 1st Feb 1902.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044373
modified: 2004-05-20 14:42:16.283000
recordedBy: Spruce, Richard
country: Peru
countryCode: PE
locality: Peru
ScientificName: Manihot peruviana
scientificNameAuthorship: Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
specificEpithet: peruviana
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  4287  Source: Spruce, R (1851-1855) Uses of Amazon plants.  Journals from Barra to the Orinoco, from Barra to Tarapoto and notes on the uses of Amazon plants and on cryptograms, p22.: Applied to forehead for headache and placed beneath pillow for sleep.  Boiled they are very good greens.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044374
country: Venezuela
countryCode: VE
locality: Venezuela
ScientificName: Manihot
scientificNameAuthorship: Mill.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Copy of letter received from Mr JH Hart dated Trinidad August 19th 1897 Sir, I forward specimen of Rubber received from a traveller in Venezuela. It is said to cover immense tracts of country and is evidently a Hevea or nearly allied. The seed is all I have to identify by but perhaps you may know from this JH Hart.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044375
modified: 2006-08-18 16:23:39.857000
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Brazil, Bahia
ScientificName: Manihot
scientificNameAuthorship: Mill.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Seeds from the estates of the Jequiai Rubber Co. Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. This tree is a variety of M.dichotoma and is found to yield more latex than the ordinary named after Mr Frank the Manager of the Co (Letter 31.1911) JHH


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044376
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: South America, Bahia
ScientificName: Manihot
scientificNameAuthorship: Mill.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Mar. 7 I cannot distinguish this from the Manihot 'Jequie'? W.B.H. 6.3.07. A few seeds kept.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000004438
modified: 2006-11-13 16:34:10.097000
country: Australia
countryCode: AU
locality: Australia, New South Wales, Brisbane River
ScientificName: Trichilia glandulosa
scientificNameAuthorship: Sm.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Meliaceae
genus: Trichilia
specificEpithet: glandulosa
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  80 to 120 ft high, 3 to 6 ft diam. Durable. Contains fragrant essence which keeps away insects. Dust blisters the skin.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044381
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: India, Taluk, Begur, Wynaad, Manatoddy
ScientificName: Manihot glaziovii
scientificNameAuthorship: Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
specificEpithet: glaziovii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  From trees grown in Manatoddy. Valued in London in 1895 at 1/6 to 1/8 per lb. Specimen No. 1. 3.7.95 Valued by Hecht Levis & Kahn, 21 Mincing Lane E.C. Well cured but cuts very wet. These trees are said to grow well in Wynaad and can be raised from seed.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044384
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: India, North Malabar, Petia-Kanoth Range
ScientificName: Manihot glaziovii
scientificNameAuthorship: Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
specificEpithet: glaziovii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  No.2 obtained from 40 trees grown in the Peria-Kanoth Range in North Malabar. Reported upon by Messrs Hecht Levis & Kahn, 21 Mincing Lane E.C. 'Well cured dry, rather barky. Valued at 1/9to 2/- per lb.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044386
modified: 2006-09-05 10:31:26.403000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Madras, Nilgiris, Burliar
ScientificName: Manihot glaziovii
scientificNameAuthorship: Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
specificEpithet: glaziovii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Starch from the tuberous roots of Ceara rubber, etc. at the Government Experimental Garden. April 1900. Vide photograph No. 134.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000000444
recordNumber: 4385
modified: 1993-12-13 00:00:00
recordedBy: Schodde R, Craven LA
country: Papua New Guinea
countryCode: PG
locality: Papua New Guinea, New Guinea, Gulf District, Nr juntn of Vailala & Lohiki R, Malesia, Asia Tropical
eventDate: 1966-01-31 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 31/01/1966
ScientificName: Annonaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Annonaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Entry book - Hill crest, ca.2 miles north-east of junction of Vailala and Lohiki rivers. Tree ca.20m high; bark smooth, striate, mid brown, blaze pale chestnut; wood cream; leaves dull mid green above, paler below; flowers pale green.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044406
country: Kenya
countryCode: KE
locality: B E Africa, Ukamba Prov, Kibwezi
ScientificName: Manihot glaziovii
scientificNameAuthorship: Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
specificEpithet: glaziovii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Kilimanyot Plantations.  From 2 to 3 year old trees. Washed by Werner, Pfleiderer& Perkins, Universal Washer, and creped by Bridges machinery.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044411
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Madras, Nilgiris
ScientificName: Manihot glaziovii
scientificNameAuthorship: Müll.Arg.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Manihot
specificEpithet: glaziovii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  A ceara rubber tree growing on the lower side of the Coonoor Old ghaut, one or two furlongs higher up the road than the forest nursery, between Benhope and Burliar.  This tree was tapped and photographed on the 14th June 1901; and the renewed outer bark was removed on the 28th August, 1902.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044417
modified: 2007-06-18 15:34:07.657000
identifiedBy: Boodle LA
ScientificName: Oldfieldia africana
scientificNameAuthorship: Benth. & Hook.f.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Picrodendraceae
genus: Oldfieldia
specificEpithet: africana
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Piece of wood from door, 377 Unthank Rd, Norwich. Appears to be african teak or african oak. Perhaps 2 or 3 hundred years old.  Letter 420, 1924, xvi p 51


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044419
country: Suriname
countryCode: SR
locality: Guiana, Paramaribo
ScientificName: Omphalea diandra
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Omphalea
specificEpithet: diandra
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Seeds and cutter used for making beads, beads from the shells of the seeds. Beadsfrom Thierry, Grand Riviere, Martinique 18/4/93 Opuscular source:  Letter to Consul Wyndham from Benjamino, Paramaribo, 21Oct 1891. Since I received your letter of June 3, I have been trying  to find the origin of Ouabe beads.  I have interviewed bush negroes of upper Marowyne and  also gold diggers from the Lawa.  All agree that the beads are from a tribe of Indians called Trios living on the upper Lawa above the settlements of the bush negroes. My opinion is that the beads are not a manufacture but some natural product. They are called avroe and in Cayenne Ouabe gros. There is another kind of beads called in Cayenne Ouabe fin, and in this colony Arewepie, made by the Indians on the Upper Marowynefrom the shell of a nut. I send a specimen and the instrument for making them.  Necklaces can easily be bought here.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044422
modified: 2007-09-05 12:21:51.677000
country: Trinidad and Tobago
countryCode: TT
locality: Trinidad
ScientificName: Omphalea
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Omphalea
occurrenceRemarks:
Opuscular source:  Extract of letter from Mr Hard, Trinidad, Nov 9, 1896. From Mr Hart,  I have lately had an opportunity of examining seeds of our Omphalea.  Indications are such as point out it is not the diandra which it has long been refered to as.  Capsule of 3.5 ins in diam. Soft and fleshy fibrous coating and large quantity of starcy pulp weighing around a single seed 31.175 grammes.  The seed is a purgative.  I ate part of it at about 4 o'clock and I felt its effect more seriously after another at 7pm, but without any pain.  in fact I should call it a fluent medicine. Certainly a quick and painless purgative.  It would probably be worth cultivating as a by product in the tropics and will grow on waste sands.  It covers forest growth with lianas 3-400 ft in length.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044436
modified: 2007-01-18 16:08:38.057000
country: Mexico
countryCode: MX
locality: Mexico, Puebla, Tehuacan
ScientificName: Pedilanthus tomentellus
scientificNameAuthorship: B.L.Rob. & Greenm.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Pedilanthus
specificEpithet: tomentellus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Improperly called Candelilla.  Has a sticky latex. Grown in enormous quantities about Tehuacan, Puebla.  Sent by the Tezonapa Bot Station, 2a Calle Chapultepec No 20, Tacubaya, Mexico, DF, Mexico


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044460
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: India, Central Provinces, Nagpur
ScientificName: Phyllanthus emblica
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Phyllanthaceae
genus: Phyllanthus
specificEpithet: emblica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Exhibitor's name Cons of Forest Southern Circle Nagpur, class 1, Division B section 2, No 600


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044464
modified: 2005-04-12 14:16:47.373000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Saharunpore
ScientificName: Phyllanthus emblica
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Phyllanthaceae
genus: Phyllanthus
specificEpithet: emblica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Models of 3 fruits. 1.Model of Amla. 2. Model of Harpharewari = Phyllanthus distichus Muell. Arg. 3. Wax model of Otaheite Gooseberry = Phyllanthus distichus Muell. Arg.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044465
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: India
ScientificName: Phyllanthus emblica
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Phyllanthaceae
genus: Phyllanthus
specificEpithet: emblica
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Presented by the Reporter on Economic Products to the Government of India. File No. xxii.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044467
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: India
ScientificName: Phyllanthus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Phyllanthaceae
genus: Phyllanthus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  A tanning material consisting of fragments of other leaves. H 195/18. Museum 18.3.18 To Keeper; Will this sample do for Wordfordia floribunder or Anogeissus latifolia L. It is of Indian region. JMST.? There are a few fruitlets of Anogeissus latifolia; leaves of Phyllanthus, and fragments of various other leaves not determinable, no leaves of the Wordfordia, which have numerous black glands. J.H. 19.3.18.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044470
country: South Africa
countryCode: ZA
locality: Natal
ScientificName: Pycnocoma macrophylla
scientificNameAuthorship: Benth.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Pycnocoma
specificEpithet: macrophylla
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Named by Dr Miller as Exoecouria prob exc: reticulata. DC Prov. Euph p. 1213 no. 25. Use to make ink of.Ex.coll. Jas Collins.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044475
modified: 2007-01-24 12:30:02.677000
country: Ghana
countryCode: GH
locality: Ghana
ScientificName: Pycnocoma macrophylla
scientificNameAuthorship: Benth.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Pycnocoma
specificEpithet: macrophylla
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Specimen 184. Report upon roots of P. macrophylla recd. from W H Johnson, Aburi June 25th 1900. 17 Bloomsbury Square, Aug. 7th 1900. Unless a new purgative should have some special advantage to recommend it, it is not likely to come into use. If it possessed tonic properties as well so that the dose could be renewed, if it acted without griping or nausea, or if it were practically tasteless, these would be qualities that would ensure it a trial, but if it possesses none of these, no attention would be paid to it. P. macrophylla belongs to the Euphorbia, which already yeilds half a dozen or more well known purgatives, usually possessing irritant properties and therefore losing their power after a time. In the absence of any information as to it having any special property I cannot say that I think any medical man in this country would try it. Signed E.M. Holmes.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044477
modified: 2005-07-04 16:04:51.283000
country: Hong Kong
countryCode: HK
locality: Hong Kong
ScientificName: Reutealis trisperma
scientificNameAuthorship: (Blanco) Airy Shaw
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Reutealis
specificEpithet: trisperma
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Mr Hiller, I think it would be well to add 'from which the testa has been removed'. W.A.H. Jan. 1908. Under the name of Balucanat or Balucanag from the Philippines a sample of an oil seed imported into Liverpool was recd. at the museum in 1891 and later in 1897 what appears to be the same thing appeared as wood oil seeds in the London Market. Said to have been shipped from Hong Kong. These are both believed to be derived from A. trisperma Blanco. native of the Philippines. JMST.? 20.5.01.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044483
modified: 2007-10-03 10:03:17.740000
country: Nigeria
countryCode: NG
locality: Old Calabar
ScientificName: Ricinodendron heudelotii subsp. africanum
scientificNameAuthorship: (Müll.Arg.) J.Léonard
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Ricinodendron
specificEpithet: heudelotii
infraspecificEpithet: africanum
taxonRank: SUBSPECIES
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Aleurites sp, sent for name by African Assn. Ltd, 35a Castle St Liverpool, submitted to the Herb. but without proper material it was not poss to do more. Identical with Cockwood nuts from Sierra Leone.  See letter 161.1904


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044488
locality: SW Africa
ScientificName: Ricinodendron rautanenii
scientificNameAuthorship: Schinz
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Ricinodendron
specificEpithet: rautanenii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  1943.  Oily kernels eaten by the natives, husk made into a kind of porridge; Kernels contain 50-60% semi drying oil


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044489
modified: 2005-06-15 18:21:34.710000
recordedBy: Kirk Dr
country: Malawi
countryCode: MW
locality: East Africa, Shire Highlands
ScientificName: Ricinodendron rautanenii
scientificNameAuthorship: Schinz
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Ricinodendron
specificEpithet: rautanenii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Mosioa tunya, Victoria Falls.  They yield a large quantity of sweet fluid oil.  Cultivated by the Batoka a tree with heavy head much branched like a stags horn.  The leaf is palinate pubescent.  Copy of accompanying label as far as can be deciphered. Oil not named A13 (See Fig 323)  This is from the hills of the Shire Cataracts, it grows also near Lake Nyassa. See Fl Trop Afr vi.i. p 746 JHH


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000000445
recordNumber: 708
modified: 1993-12-13 00:00:00
recordedBy: Craven LA, Schodde R
country: Papua New Guinea
countryCode: PG
locality: Papua New Guinea, Gulf District, Near Ihu, New Guinea, Malesia, Asia Tropical
eventDate: 1966-01-14 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 14/01/1966
ScientificName: Annonaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Annonaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Entry book - Primary rainforest. Tree 12m tall; leaves dull mid green above, paler below; fruit cauliflorous, dull crimson; bark striate brown outside, pale brown inside, wood deep cream.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044503
modified: 2003-07-29 10:46:57.813000
locality: Equatorial Africa
ScientificName: Ricinus communis
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Ricinus
specificEpithet: communis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Sample of castor beans grown on open sandy plain in Equatorial Africa about 1 km from the sea beach See letter Castor Oil Corr Recd from Mr Sampson 5.11.30 Davenport & Rhodes 34  ?Fields Liverpool letters dated 24 & 31 May 1929 - See Euphorbiaceae corr.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044507
modified: 2007-01-16 15:06:46.490000
country: Sudan
countryCode: SD
locality: Sudan
ScientificName: Ricinus communis
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Ricinus
specificEpithet: communis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Letter M 199.31 (23.iii.31) Castor oil seeds from the Sudan, Govt. Botanist, Dept of Agric & Forests, Sudan Govt Khartoum North. Remainder of packet rec'd. sent by hand to Director Inperial Inst for report as requested 2.iii.31


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044518
modified: 2007-01-17 12:57:12.473000
country: Congo, Republic of the
countryCode: CG
locality: Congo
ScientificName: Ricinus communis
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Ricinus
specificEpithet: communis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Letter 253. 1920: xiii p.174 Letter dated June 6th 1920 Messrs Marshall & French, acknowledge the receipt of their letter of the 2nd instant and in reply to say that the oil-beans from the Congo submitted for identification are those of several varieties of R.communis, the plant yielding the Castor Oil of Commerce. Some particulars of 'Castor Seed' from Africa, that may be of interest, are given in Colonial Report, Miscellaneous Series, No 88, 1914 p.504 (may be obtained through any bookseller or directly from H.M. Stationery Office, Imperial House, Kingsway W.C. price 8 1/2d.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044527
ScientificName: Ricinus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Ricinus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Cocoons of the 'Eri Silk Worm' reared by the Cacharis on the castor oil plant Ricinus communis L.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044533
modified: 2007-01-16 15:07:53.340000
country: Togo
countryCode: TG
locality: West Africa, Lome
ScientificName: Ricinus communis
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Ricinus
specificEpithet: communis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  West African Castor Seed shipped from Lome Kernel 79.60%, Shell (ie. husk) 20.40%, Oil in seed 50.27%, F.F.A. in Oil as oleic 1.79%, Moisture in seed 5.79% The Inc. Oil Seed Assoc, 24 St. Mary Tce. E.C.3. Now Zanzibarensis large plant according to W Gurgel 7/1950.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044535
modified: 2007-01-16 15:08:16.103000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: West India, Khandeish
ScientificName: Ricinus communis
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Ricinus
specificEpithet: communis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  India Division II Substances used as food Class 12 Agricultural products. Used for extracting oil. Exhibitors name: Mr V Fratuell ?? Address Sup. of The Govt Model Farm. Reasons for exhibiting: To illustrate the agricultural products of Khandesh in Western India.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044536
modified: 2005-06-15 18:24:10.163000
recordedBy: Meller Charles
country: Malawi
countryCode: MW
locality: Central Africa, Shire River Area
eventDate: 1861-11-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 00/11/1861
ScientificName: Ricinus communis
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Ricinus
specificEpithet: communis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  N.N. Sarsi. Very abundant in country about River Shire, Chibisa  Nov. 1861. C. Meller.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044579
modified: 2007-01-16 15:10:03.163000
locality: Mankota, Near Entebbe
ScientificName: Ricinus communis
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Ricinus
specificEpithet: communis
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  See letter 581.1910, R Fythe Entebbe Uganda to Director 11th Oct 1910 Kew 5th Nov 1910.  9 packets - 1. R.communis, Cent. Afr. Dr Kirk 1862; 2 Ordinary large, R.commun is var megalosperma;  3 cf. R.communis var megalosperma, Gambia 102.1890S Carter;  4 Large long whitish, nothing in Museum to compare;  5 Ordinary large R.communis var megalosperma;  6 R.communis var africanus, ordinary medium cf. Mozambique, Capt Elton 1880;  7 R.communis var africana, ordinary;  8 Large red, nothing in Museum  to compare;  9 Large nothing unlike (?) Cent. Afr. Dr Kirk. No 2,3 & 5 var megalosperma No 2, 6 & 7 var africana ? Nine varieties of Castor oilseeds collected in Mankola some distance from Entebbe for name if the seed germinate. A quanity of seeds hade been sent to Imp Inst for report.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044590
modified: 2007-09-18 10:09:01.770000
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Brazil
ScientificName: Sagotia racemosa
scientificNameAuthorship: Baill.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Sagotia
specificEpithet: racemosa
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Bark of the root of a plant supposed to come from Para, much sought for and sold by the French pharmacists at a high price. Jardin des Plantes Paris M Cornu  (July 1899 J Mst) According to Mr Jules Poission this is the bark of Aratacio and not Musa Puama. See Pharm Journ 20.10.00 p 440, Pharm Journ  23.12.99 p 601


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000000446
recordNumber: 4230
modified: 1993-12-13 00:00:00
recordedBy: Schodde R, Craven LA
country: Papua New Guinea
countryCode: PG
eventDate: 1966-01-13 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 13/01/1966
ScientificName: Annonaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Annonaceae
locality:
Papua New Guinea, Gulf District, Vailala river, c.1 mile north of Ihu, East base of Ihu hill, New Guinea, Malesia, Asia Tropical

occurrenceRemarks:
Entry book - Primary forest. Straight tree with short terminally umbrageous crown, ca.25m high, dbh of trunk ca.30cm; bark very smooth and fine lined, whitish grey-green, blaze pale fawn; wood pale cream; leaves mid glossy green above, pale and dull below; flowers pale green; fruit ripening red.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044604
modified: 2017-01-16 15:05:46.720000
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China
ScientificName: Sapium sebiferum
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Dum.Cours.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Sapium
specificEpithet: sebiferum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Dyed with Alkanet root Plants + People exhibition Museum No 1, Kew.  May 1998 to May 2016.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044607
modified: 2019-02-21 10:49:03.423000
country: Colombia
countryCode: CO
locality: Colombia
ScientificName: Sapium verum
scientificNameAuthorship: Hemsl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Sapium
specificEpithet: verum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label Source: Seeds of Colombian sarap & rubber tree. Sapium verum Colombia. R.Thompson Esq.  66/1890  Accepted name (2019): S.stylare Müll.Arg. Notes updated 2019


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044609
modified: 2019-02-21 10:57:41.023000
country: Colombia
countryCode: CO
locality: Colombia
ScientificName: Sapium verum
scientificNameAuthorship: Hemsl.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Sapium
specificEpithet: verum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source: (30 Kew list) Virgins Coutchouc. Aur lau bargun for Dagna Ceordillina 5. September 1881. 62-1907 Coll. F.C.Lehmann  Accepted name (2019): S.stylare Müll.Arg. Name updated 2019


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044618
modified: 2019-02-21 10:56:00.093000
country: Colombia
countryCode: CO
locality: Colombia
ScientificName: Sapium glandulosum
scientificNameAuthorship: (L.) Morong
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Sapium
specificEpithet: glandulosum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source: 1) South America. Bark from a Caoutchoua producing species of Sapium (from the West coast of Colombia. L.A.B.15.5.26 2) Bark of Sapium sp. S.America- Colombia. F.C.Lehmann esq 62/1907  Determination to species level (2019) Notes updated 2019


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044621
modified: 2006-08-03 15:18:54.523000
locality: Pacific Coast of South America
ScientificName: Sebastiania palmeri
scientificNameAuthorship: Rose
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Sebastiania
specificEpithet: palmeri
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The fresh seeds often contain the larvae of a moth, Carpocapsa saltitans which causes the jumping movement. See 'Kew Garden Miscellany' vol. 6 p. 304. Carpocapsa Insect Life iii p.431. Contrib. U.S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 1. p.112. (June 1891) note 28 lines. A further note on the plant on which the jumping bean occurs. In this note Prof Riley referred to a letter just received from Prof ? Watson of Cambridge accompanying the specimen of seeds pods Sebastiani bulrealaris and the moth bred there from. This moth Prof Riley found to be much smaller than Carpocapsa saltitans and in fact to belong to another genus (Grapholitha) and stated that he would shortly describe as Grapholitha sebastianiae. 15.10.08.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044622
modified: 2006-08-03 15:16:12.977000
ScientificName: Sebastiania palmeri
scientificNameAuthorship: Rose
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Sebastiania
specificEpithet: palmeri
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Jumping beans = carpels. The movements of the beans are due to the presence of the larvae of Carpocapsa saltitans.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044623
ScientificName: Spirostachys africana
scientificNameAuthorship: Sond.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Spirostachys
specificEpithet: africana
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Ground and mixed with water it is used by the natives at Inhambane to anoint themselves. This is almost certainly Excoecaria africana Mull. and Arg. C.R. Metcalfe 15. 2.32.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044624
modified: 2016-12-13 10:27:40.600000
country: Mexico
countryCode: MX
locality: South America, Mexico
ScientificName: Sebastiania palmeri
scientificNameAuthorship: Rose
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Sebastiania
specificEpithet: palmeri
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The fresh seeds often contain the larvae of a moth Carpocapsa saltitans, which cause the jumping movement. Found also in the seeds of S. bilocularis. The insect however in this sp. is probably Grapholitha sebastianiae. See Insect Life iiipp. 431-32. When recent they jump or move spontaneously. The moths and chrysalids are also shown.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044634
modified: 2006-08-03 16:23:53.950000
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China
identifiedBy: Holland JH
ScientificName: Vernicia fordii
scientificNameAuthorship: (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Vernicia
specificEpithet: fordii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Sent from Liebigs Extract of Meat Co. part of a consignment obtained for their plantation in Argentine.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044636
modified: 2007-04-04 13:03:11.587000
ScientificName: Vernicia fordii
scientificNameAuthorship: (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Vernicia
specificEpithet: fordii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Poisonous seeds sold in London as edible nuts under the name of Kaloo. See letter 247, 1907.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044643
modified: 2007-05-22 15:50:27.617000
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: China, Peking
ScientificName: Vernicia fordii
scientificNameAuthorship: (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Vernicia
specificEpithet: fordii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Oil obtained from seeds; often mixed with Chinese varnish obtained from a sp of Rhus. Sample seems to have undergone a process of preparation for the use of painters. A thick yellow oil sold in Peking is said to be yielded by this tree. Obtained by boiling the seeds.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044652
modified: 2010-06-08 16:46:09.977000
country: BU
countryCode: BU
locality: Burma
ScientificName: Vernicia montana
scientificNameAuthorship: Lour.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Vernicia
specificEpithet: montana
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  5/T/1/53A.  Coll. Chief of Kengtung State Opuscular source:  Letter1209/N(c) - 45.  Copy file no 5/T/1/53A. From Mr CW Scott, Forest Econ., Burma, Rangoon. 21 Dec 1933 to Kew.  I forward under separate parcel post 2 lbs of seed believed to be A montana.  They were collected by the Chief of Kengtung State, on the China Siam Burma Border, where the species is indigenous.  I shall be glad to receive a copy of your report on tests of these seeds in due course.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044653
modified: 2006-08-03 16:05:45.987000
country: Hong Kong
countryCode: HK
locality: Hong Kong
ScientificName: Vernicia montana
scientificNameAuthorship: Lour.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Vernicia
specificEpithet: montana
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Part of a consignment of 30 lbs of seed collected from trees grown in the Experimental Plantations in this Colony sent to Mr Sampson for Imp Inst Committee for oil seeds and oil - asked for in 1931 - (See letter in file 5/T/1/12 - Tung oil China including Hong Kong.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044665
modified: 2007-09-10 12:22:22.203000
ScientificName: Vernicia fordii
scientificNameAuthorship: (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Vernicia
specificEpithet: fordii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Correspondence concerning seed verification.  See letter 335,1925, xvi, p 134. Three specimens. Latest not from Keeper see below Opuscular source:  The seeds do not agree with those in the Herb under A fordii.  Our fruiting material, however, is not the type.  According to a note in the Herb. the fruits of one of the part types (Henry 878) were sent to the Museum.  The seeds from Prof Jumelle and those from M Godefroy Leboeuf have not been matched in the Herb. Carp Collection or seed collection.  Mr Hutchinson agrees with this. WBT 18/9/1925


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044668
modified: 2012-04-19 12:14:10.647000
recordedBy: Dooner HB,Sotik, Kenya
ScientificName: Vernicia fordii
scientificNameAuthorship: (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Vernicia
specificEpithet: fordii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Seeds of Vernicia fordii and  V montana sent to Mr Sampson for verification by Dooner, with relevant correspondence.m567-32. 5 packets; a. From Univ of Nanking, 46% germination to date, b. From Univ of Nanking. c (Craigs Kidney Variety) from  USA, d. Forest Dept USA, e. From USA, 70% germination. Opuscular source:  From PO Sotik,Kenya Colony 28.5.32. to Director, Kew, M576-32; Dear Sir.  TUNG OIL.  ALEURITES.  On Feb 21st last, I received 16lbs pod of A montana from USA (10lbs ped = 5lbs seed =654 seeds).a.  Seeds planted 21.2.32, b.  Seeds commenced to germinate 10.4.32. c. Seeds germinated and strong plants with up to 8 leaves as at date 445. = 68% germination.  As I believe A montana is not a success in other parts of the Empire I am enclosing in an envelope a few of the seeds.  I shall be grateful if you can identify them. For further comparison 4 other packs are included: A montana from USA, and from Univ of Nanking, planted on 14th March last - 20lbs pod - 1100 seeds, the seedlings have just started to appear. A fordii from the Univ of Nanking, 10lbs pod = 1148 seeds = 5 1/4 lbs seed. Planted March 13 last, germinated to date 534 = 46%.   A fordii from Forest Dept., Nairobi (From USA) Planted 13 March  8lbs pod = 653 seeds = 4 1/2lbsto date 120 seedlings = 28% germination.  A fordii from USA Planted March 29th, 5 1/2 lbs pod = 375 seeds = 2lbs 15oz seedlings to date 172 = 50%.  Very strong plants.  (A freak.  Mr Sampson refers to it as illustrated Rev Tung Oil Production p32 (1929) developed in Florida. Yours faithfully HB Dooner.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044670
recordNumber: 144
modified: 2005-07-08 14:42:09.063000
recordedBy: Kirk Dr
country: Malawi
countryCode: MW
locality: Central Africa, River Shire
eventDate: 1860-10-01 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 00/10/1860
ScientificName: Euphorbiaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  From the high lands between the Shire and Lake Tamanda Fig 125 B Oct 1860 Becomes ripe when the rains begin. Does not flower under Alt of 2000 ft


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044671
modified: 2007-06-20 12:58:17.017000
locality: Indo-China
ScientificName: Vernicia fordii
scientificNameAuthorship: (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
genus: Vernicia
specificEpithet: fordii
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Letter 300.1925; XVI p.127 Prof Jumelle, 22.viii.25 - Acknowledge the receipt of his letter of  the 17th instant enclosing seeds of Aleurites cordata and A. montana for verification appear to be correct but the seeds of the latter do not appear to be A. montana they are probably those of Aleurites fordii, Hemsley; it would be advisable to see perfect fruits before naming the species with certainty.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044674
recordNumber: 1286
modified: 2006-08-10 15:53:25.507000
recordedBy: Robson NKB
country: Malawi
countryCode: MW
locality: Malawi, Mua Livulez Forest Reserve
eventDate: 1959-01-21 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 21/01/1959
ScientificName: Euphorbiaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Euphorbiaceae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Julbernaidia globiflora ? woodland. Tree c.15 feet high with fibrous brown bark and spreading branches with leaves in one plane. Plant dioecious male flowers with 3 stamens, anthers red, female flowers with green ovaries and 5 styles


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044678
modified: 2006-08-08 16:47:08.343000
country: Chile
countryCode: CL
locality: Cape Horn
ScientificName: Plantae
kingdom: Plantae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Parasitism of a species of Myzodendron on the Evergreen Beech (Nothofagus betuloides ?)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044680
modified: 2007-01-25 14:46:48.550000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: India, Bombay
identifiedBy: Hansen Bertel
ScientificName: Balanophora abbreviata
scientificNameAuthorship: Blume
kingdom: Plantae
family: Balanophoraceae
genus: Balanophora
specificEpithet: abbreviata
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Previously named Scindapsus officinalis This is certainly not Scindapsus officinalis but a Balanophora. It is not possible to determine the species, the material being too imperfect for this purpose. There are no notes on the Herbarium specimens of Balanophora that might connect the two by their uses; but that there is a connection apparently as evidenced by thr following extracts from Dict of Econ. Prod. India 'Balanophora? this is substituted in the shops of Bombay for Scindapsus officinalis. It is a parasite, does not seem to possess any active properties' and Dymock; Pharm Indica iii.543, under Scindapsus officinalis (Gaja-pipal) 'In northern and western India an entirely different drug is sold under the same name. It consists of the entire plant of a balanophora often remaining attached to a small piece of the dead stick upon which it grew. The largest of these plants are about 5 inches in length and consist of a kind of a cellular cup from which springs a scaly spadix surmounted by aglandular shaped club of imperfect flowers beneath which the stem is marked by little pits showing the places where the female flowers were attached. This drug is muscilagenous and astringent and is no doubt improperly substituted for the genuine article. April 27th 1904 JHH


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044685
modified: 1993-10-25 00:00:00
country: Indonesia
countryCode: ID
locality: Java
ScientificName: Balanophora elongata
scientificNameAuthorship: Blume
kingdom: Plantae
family: Balanophoraceae
genus: Balanophora
specificEpithet: elongata
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Mountains of Java. From which candles are made. vidi 26.11.1976 Bertel Hansen (determiner?)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044689
modified: 2010-06-10 18:11:40.050000
country: Malta
countryCode: MT
locality: Malta
ScientificName: Cynomorium coccineum
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Cynomoriaceae
genus: Cynomorium
specificEpithet: coccineum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  The bottle contains a tincture of the plant made in Malta. Spain, Malta, North Africa, Italy, and the Canary Islands.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044692
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Sikkim
ScientificName: Balanophora involucrata
scientificNameAuthorship: Hook.f. & Thomson
kingdom: Plantae
family: Balanophoraceae
genus: Balanophora
specificEpithet: involucrata
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  From knots produced on two species of Acer (Maple.) Rajah cups. Knots of this size very rare. Polished.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044698
modified: 2007-09-06 15:34:58.623000
country: Australia
countryCode: AU
locality: New South Wales
ScientificName: Eucarya acuminata
scientificNameAuthorship: (R.Br.) Sprague & Summerh.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Santalaceae
genus: Eucarya
specificEpithet: acuminata
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Collected in August 1916 by the Venerable Archdeacon Haviland, on Kergunyah Station, 35 miles north-east of Cobar, New South Wales, Australia. Letter 6, 1917:xi p.99. Enclosure (copy) rec'd. at Kew Jan. 6.1917. Oakhurst, Chatswood, near Sydney N.S.W. 27th Sept. 1916. Dear David Prain, Under separate cover I7m forwarding you 1 dozen seeds of E. accuminata var. chrysocarpus thinking they may prove acceptable to the Museum of Economic Botany or Herbarium at Kew. The fruits and seeds were collected in an hither to unrecorded locality and forwarded to me by the Rev. Archdeacon Haviland, The Rectory, Cobart, N.S.W. This tree has not as yet been found in any other State of the Australian Commonwealth. Since I discovered and named this remarkable and very rare Australian tree there has been considerable interest taken in it by botanists and naturalists generally. When the fruit is fresh and quite ripe, it is a bright golden yellow colour, and the tree in full bearing is a strikingly beautiful sight. The fruits are larger than the typical red Quandong and the edible pericarp is thicker and therefore of greater economic value. I am etc. Fred Turner.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000000447
recordNumber: 4433
modified: 1993-12-13 00:00:00
recordedBy: Schodde R, Craven LA
country: Papua New Guinea
countryCode: PG
eventDate: 1966-02-03 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 03/02/1966
ScientificName: Annonaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Annonaceae
locality:
Papua New Guinea, New Guinea, Gulf District, 3 mile S junction Lohiki river, West bank of Vailala river, Malesia, Asia Tropical

occurrenceRemarks:
Entry book - Primary alluvial forest. Tree ca 38m high; bark smooth with fine cracks and with large deep transverse scallops, brown black, blaze pale biscuit; wood pale yellow; leaves dark dull glossy green above, pale and dull below; fruit dull mid green.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044718
modified: 2007-06-28 09:46:58.650000
country: Japan
countryCode: JP
locality: Japan
ScientificName: Santalum album
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Santalaceae
genus: Santalum
specificEpithet: album
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Sliced wood prepared for burning  - generally prepared from sandalwood, clover, dried and powdered leaves of Illicium religiosum S et Z and burnt on festival days (a custom known in India and China, especially among Buddhists)


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044729
country: BU
countryCode: BU
locality: Burma
ScientificName: Santalum
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Santalaceae
genus: Santalum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  (Sir D Brandis, in Indian Forester Oct 1907) Aromatic wood received from a Burmese gent. residing in London who informed me that it came from Taroy and Mergui,  and was known as Kalamets Tangdangyi. In structure and in scent it resembles sandalwood.  The scent however is stronger or more pleasant. The medullary rays are fine, consisting of one or two rows of cells, the rags are uniform numerous and equidistant, and the vessels are small only 0.05 mm diam.  The tree evidently is closely allied to same sp.  The medullary rays which in sandalwood are always short, are much longer in the Burmese wood, and the vessels are not solitary,as in the Indian wood, but often in radial lines of 2 - 5. The colour also is different dark olive brown - contrasting strongly with the white sapwood.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044736
modified: 2017-01-16 14:57:42.137000
country: India
countryCode: IN
locality: Ajmere
ScientificName: Santalum album
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Santalaceae
genus: Santalum
specificEpithet: album
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Exhibitor E.A. Cent. Forest No 1180 & 1189 Plants + People exhibition Museum No 1, Kew.  May 1998 to May 2016.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044759
modified: 2007-03-19 15:38:17.480000
country: Nigeria
countryCode: NG
locality: Old Calabar
ScientificName: Loranthus incanus
scientificNameAuthorship: Schumach.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Loranthaceae
genus: Loranthus
specificEpithet: incanus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Parasitic on coffee and other plants portion of branch ...... showing mode of attachment 2. Branching leaves of the parasite 3. The small specimen (Label attached) was found growing on Liber.... ??


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044762
country: Trinidad and Tobago
countryCode: TT
locality: Trinidad, Botanic Garden
ScientificName: Loranthus americanus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Loranthaceae
genus: Loranthus
specificEpithet: americanus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  On a branch of the inflorescence of a sugar cane. Fruits of a species of Loranthacea attached to the flowering panicle of the common sugar cane Saccharum officinarum. From JH Hart, F.L.S. Royal Botanic Gardens, Trinidad Feb. 1890. 4cotyledons/seeds. ?Psittacea?


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044763
country: Chile
countryCode: CL
locality: Chile, Santiago
ScientificName: Loranthus aphyllus
scientificNameAuthorship: Miers ex DC.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Loranthaceae
genus: Loranthus
specificEpithet: aphyllus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Portion of plant growing on Trichocereus chiloensis (Coll) Britton & Rose. 1877. Loranthus aphyllus on Cereus quisco.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044765
modified: 2004-07-20 12:15:52.570000
recordedBy: Spruce, Richard
country: Brazil
countryCode: BR
locality: Brazil, Para, Santarem
ScientificName: Loranthus
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Loranthaceae
genus: Loranthus
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Santaum? Mar /50. This sample of the germination of a Loranthus may perhaps interest you.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000000448
recordNumber: 4702
modified: 1993-12-13 00:00:00
recordedBy: Schodde R, Craven LA
country: Papua New Guinea
countryCode: PG
eventDate: 1966-03-15 00:00:00.0000000
verbatimEventDate: 15/03/1966
ScientificName: Annonaceae
scientificNameAuthorship: Juss.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Annonaceae
locality:
Papua New Guinea, Gulf District, 6 miles S junction Kapau river, East bank of Tauri river, Malesia, Asia Tropical

occurrenceRemarks:
Entry book - Margins of alluvial forest. Tree ca. 6m high; bark smooth, faintly striate, pale grey-green, blaze pale brown; wood yellowish cream; leaves glossy rather dark geen above, pale and dull below; perianth mid green with red brown tints


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044807
modified: 2007-01-18 16:11:58.140000
country: New Zealand
countryCode: NZ
locality: New Zealand
ScientificName: Plantae
kingdom: Plantae
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Tupeia sometimes parasitic on Loranthus and 2. Loranthus, on which Tupeia sometimes grows.  Heward 1840?


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044813
modified: 2006-10-31 16:20:02.993000
country: United Kingdom
countryCode: GB
locality: Great Britain, Didcot
ScientificName: Viscum
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Santalaceae
genus: Viscum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Gard. Chron. pp 117.118, 1875.  Dr Masters showed specimens from Mr Corderoy in which young seedling mistletoes had grown upon the branches of the parent plant.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044814
ScientificName: Viscum
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Santalaceae
genus: Viscum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Branch of maple sectioned to show the dead hausteria of Mistletoe parallel to the medullary rays of the host plant.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044815
modified: 2006-11-03 13:12:05.260000
ScientificName: Viscum
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Santalaceae
genus: Viscum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Showing horizontal rootsrunning in the bark and giving off perpendicular roots into the wood.  The section is cut parallel to the medullary rays


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044816
modified: 2006-11-03 15:18:03.167000
ScientificName: Viscum
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Santalaceae
genus: Viscum
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Mistletoe on maple, showing transverse sections of the 'roots' of the parasite in the wood of the host plant.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044823
ScientificName: Viscum album
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Santalaceae
genus: Viscum
specificEpithet: album
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Roots make the perforations on the surface and occupy the medullary rays. Cellular ? roots of Viscum longitudinal section.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044824
ScientificName: Viscum album
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Santalaceae
genus: Viscum
specificEpithet: album
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Illegible writing. Shows affects on branch and the formation of ray shaped cavities around ? of parasite.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044826
modified: 2006-10-30 11:54:28.327000
country: China
countryCode: CN
locality: East Indies, Yarkland
ScientificName: Elaeagnus angustifolia
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Elaeagnaceae
genus: Elaeagnus
specificEpithet: angustifolia
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Fruits, cultivated and largely used as food in Yarkland, East Indies. The meal of the wild fruit is used to adulterate 'Charras', the resin of the hemp plant.


institutionCode: K
collectionCode: Economic Botany
basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
occurrenceID: http://specimens.kew.org/Ecbot/K:EBC-000044828
country: Afghanistan
countryCode: AF
locality: Afghanistan, District of Herat
ScientificName: Elaeagnus angustifolia
scientificNameAuthorship: L.
kingdom: Plantae
family: Elaeagnaceae
genus: Elaeagnus
specificEpithet: angustifolia
occurrenceRemarks:
Label source:  Profuse later in natural condition when ripe. See Gamble Manual of Indian Timbers p.317.


